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As the complexity and heterogeneity of a system grows, the challenge of specifying, documenting and synthesizing correct, machine-readable designs increases dramatically. Separation of the system into manageable parts is needed to support analysis at various levels of granularity so that the system is maintainable and adaptable over its life cycle. In this paper, we argue that operads provide an effective knowledge representation to address these challenges. Formal documentation of a syntactically correct design is built up during design synthesis, guided by semantic reasoning about design effectiveness. Throughout, the ability to decompose the system into parts and reconstitute the whole is maintained. We describe recent progress in effective modelling under this paradigm and directions for future work to systematically address scalability challenges for complex system design.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2021.0099 | DOI Listing |
Phys Chem Chem Phys
September 2025
The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI Beamlines Facility, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.
The significance of carotenoids in biological systems cannot be overstated. Their functionality largely arises from unique excited-state dynamics, where photon absorption promotes the molecule to the optically allowed 1B+u state (conventionally S), which rapidly decays to the optically forbidden 2A-g state (S). While the vibrational signature of the S state is well established, that of the initial S state has remained elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Ther Med
October 2025
Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Immune-related factors may serve an important role in the development of endometriosis, considering the occurrence of substantial abnormalities in the immune system of women with endometriosis, including reduced T-cell reactivity and natural killer cell cytotoxicity, as well as increased numbers and activation of peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, women suffering from endometriosis are at a higher risk for developing various autoimmune diseases as comorbidities of endometriosis. Recent epidemiological data demonstrate that patients with endometriosis have a significantly higher risk (2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Case Rep Intern Med
August 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Trinity Health Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, USA.
Background: Invasive central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is rare among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients due to preserved neutrophil function, despite significant CD4+ T-cell depletion. Diagnosis typically requires histopathologic confirmation, but polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing has introduced new challenges due to its high sensitivity but limited specificity.
Case Presentation: We describe a newly diagnosed 43-year-old HIV-positive male with concurrent Hodgkin lymphoma who presented with progressive neurological decline and a ring-enhancing brain lesion.
Front Rehabil Sci
August 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a significant burden to patients, families, and the healthcare system. The ability to accurately predict functional outcomes for SCI patients is essential for optimizing rehabilitation strategies, guiding patient and family decision making, and improving patient care.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 589 SCI patients admitted to a single acute rehabilitation facility and used the dataset to train advanced machine learning algorithms to predict patients' rehabilitation outcomes.
Background: Transforming Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) recommendations into computer readable language is a complex and ongoing process that requires significant resources, including time, expertise, and funds. The objective is to provide an extension of the widely used GIN-McMaster Guideline Development Checklist (GDC) and Tool for the development of computable guidelines (CGs).
Methods: Based on an outcome from the Human Centered Design (HCD) workshop hosted by the Guidelines International Network North America (GIN-NA), a team was formed to develop the checklist extension.