[Responses of Soil and Gene Microbial Communities to the Combined Application of Biochar with Chemical Fertilizers and Organic Fertilizers].

Soil microorganisms have an important influence on the transformation of soil nutrients. As functional genes encoding phosphatase, and provide effective means for detecting the types, abundance, and community structure of microorganisms in the environment, and studying the changes in the diversity of and gene microbial communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of the plant rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under the treatment of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with biochar can provide a scientific basis for the agricultural utilization of biochar. In this study, corn stalks and rice husk stalks were used as test materials, and the pot experiment method was used to set the following treatments:control (CK), traditional fertilization (F), chemical fertilizer+20 t·hm rice husk biochar (FP), chemical fertilizer+10 t·hm rice husk biochar+10 t·hm corn biochar (FPM), organic fertilizer+20 t·hm rice husk biochar (PP), and fresh organic fertilizer+20 t·hm rice husk biochar (NPP). The community structure of and genes in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil was analyzed by using T-RFLP and fluorescence quantitative PCR technology to clarify the response characteristics of and genes to the addition of biochar. The results showed that:① In rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, the gene community structure was more complicated than that of , and the number of end restriction fragments of the gene increased after chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer were combined with biochar. ② The combined application of biochar with chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer reduced the copy number of the gene in non-rhizosphere soil compared with that in the CK. Compared with that in the CK, the copy number in the FP, FPM, PP, and NPP treatments decreased by 9.18%, 11.46%, 10.97%, and 13.76%, respectively. Organic fertilizer combined with biochar increased the copy number of the gene in rhizosphere soil by 2.48% and 5.16% in the PP and NPP treatments, respectively, compared with that in the CK. ③ Total phosphorus in the soil was the main factor affecting the gene microbial community structure in non-rhizosphere soil (<0.01), whereas the gene microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil was regulated by a variety of environmental factors. pH was the most critical factor affecting the gene copy number, and the copy number of gene was significantly correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen and pH. The combined application of biochar with chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers can promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms that function in soil phosphorus conversion, which is of great significance for improving the utilization of phosphorus fertilizers.