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Article Abstract
This paper presents an 8-channel array of low-noise (30.3 fA/√Hz) current sensing front-ends with on-chip microelectrode electrochemical sensors. The analog front-end (AFE) consists of a 1-order continuous-time delta-sigma (CT ΔΣ) modulator that achieves 123 fA sensitivity over a 10 Hz bandwidth and 139 dB cross-scale dynamic range with a 2-bit programmable current reference. A digital predictor and tri-level pulse width modulated (PWM) current-steering DAC realize the equivalent performance of a multi-bit ΔΣ in an area- and power-efficient manner. The AFE consumes 50.3 µW and 0.11 mm per readout channel. The proposed platform was used to observe protein-ligand interactions in real-time using transient induced molecular electronic spectroscopy (TIMES), a label- and immobilization-free biosensing technique.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3124197 | DOI Listing |
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