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Article Abstract
Background: Acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) are a common manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), but the risk of developing epilepsy as a sequela of AE remains unknown, and factors predisposing the development of epilepsy have not been fully identified.
Objective: To assess the risk of developing epilepsy in AE and study related risk factors.
Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective single centre study including patients diagnosed with AE according to criteria described by Graus et al., with a minimum follow-up of 12 months after AE resolution. The sample was divided according to whether patients developed epilepsy or not.
Results: A total of 19 patients were included; 3 (15.8%) had AE with intracellular antibodies, 9 (47.4%) with extracellular antibodies, and 7 (36.8%) were seronegative. During follow-up, 3 patients (15.8%) died, 4 (21.1%) presented relapses of AE, and 11 (57.89%) developed epilepsy. There was a significant association between the development of epilepsy and the presence of hippocampal atrophy in control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ( = 0.037), interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) on control electroencephalogram (EEG) ( = 0.045), and immunotherapy delay ( = 0.016).
Conclusions: Hippocampal atrophy in neuroimaging, IED on EEG during follow-up, and immunotherapy delay could be predictors of the development of epilepsy in patients with AE.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468512 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091182 | DOI Listing |
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