Oleic and palmitic acids induce hepatic angiopoietin-like 4 expression predominantly via PPAR- in .

Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a potent regulator of TAG metabolism, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying ANGPTL4 transcription in response to fatty acids is still limited in teleost. In the current study, we explored the molecular characterisation of ANGPTL4 and regulatory mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in response to fatty acids in large yellow croaker (). Here, croaker contained a 1416 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 471 amino acids with highly conserved 12-amino acid consensus motif. was widely expressed in croaker, with the highest expression in the liver. , oleic and palmitic acids (OA and PA) treatments strongly increased mRNA expression in croaker hepatocytes. Moreover, expression was positively regulated by PPAR family (PPAR-, and ), and expression of PPAR was also significantly increased in response to OA and PA. Moreover, inhibition of PPAR abrogated OA- or PA-induced mRNA expression. Beyond that, PA might increase expression partly via the insulin signalling. Overall, the expression of ANGPTL4 is strongly upregulated by OA and PA via PPAR in the liver of croaker, which contributes to improve the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in fish.