Application of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Head and Neck Lesions.

Background: Preoperative differentiation of head and neck lesions is important for treatment plan selection.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in differentiating benign from malignant head and neck lesions and subgroups, including lymphoma subgroup (LS), Warthin's tumor subgroup (WS), malignant tumor subgroup (excluding lymphoma) (MTS), and benign tumor subgroup (excluding Warthin's tumor) (BTS).

Study Type: Retrospective.

Population: Seventy-four patients with 79 head and neck lesions (44 benign, 35 malignant), divided into four subgroups: LS (14), WS (12), MTS (21), and BTS (32).

Field Strength/sequences: A 3.0 T, single-shot echo-planar sequence with 5 b-values for DKI and enhanced T1 high-resolution isotropic volume excitation (eTHRIVE) sequence for DCE-MRI.

Assessment: The mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) derived from DKI and the time-signal intensity curve (TIC), peak time (T ), and washout ratio (WR) based on DCE-MRI were measured. The diagnostic efficiencies of DKI and DCE-MRI, alone and in combination, were calculated and compared. The parameters mentioned above were compared between the four subgroups.

Statistical Test: Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, receiver operating characteristic curve, Delong test, one-way analysis of variance test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The combination of TIC and parameters of DKI and DCE-MRI for differentiating benign and malignant lesions with 94.94% accuracy is superior to DKI or DCE-MRI alone with approximately 75% accuracy. MD, MK, T , and WR showed significant differences among the four subgroups. The accuracy of MD and MK was 91.14% and 92.41% for differentiating BTS from the other three subgroups. WR achieved 100% accuracy for discriminating WS from LS or MTS. MD and MK both differentiated LS from MTS with 97.14% accuracy.

Data Conclusion: A combination of DKI and DCE-MRI can effectively differentiate head and neck lesions with good accuracy.

Evidence Level: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.