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State-level policy interventions have been critical in managing the spread of the new coronavirus. Here, we study the lag time between policy interventions and change in COVID-19 outcome trajectory in the United States. We develop a stepwise drifts random walk model to account for non-stationarity and strong temporal correlation and subsequently apply a change-point detection algorithm to estimate the number and times of change points in the COVID-19 outcome data. Furthermore, we harmonize data on the estimated change points with non-pharmaceutical interventions adopted by each state of the United States, which provides us insights regarding the lag time between the enactment of a policy and its effect on COVID-19 outcomes. We present the estimated change points for each state and the District of Columbia and find five different emerging trajectory patterns. We also provide insight into the lag time between the enactment of a policy and its effect on COVID-19 outcomes.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8267064 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100306 | DOI Listing |
Diabetologia
September 2025
Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Hum Vaccin Immunother
December 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes multiple diseases in both sexes. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and epidemiological impact - defined as reductions in HPV-related disease cases - of a gender-neutral vaccination (GNV) strategy in China's economically developed metropolises: Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. A discrete-time Markov model simulated no vaccination, female-only vaccination (FOV), and GNV strategies among 12-year-olds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJDS Commun
September 2025
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
The objective of this observational study was to describe the association between lag time from calving to first milking for colostrum harvest. Colostrum samples from primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (n = 640) from a single herd milking approximately 5,200 cows 3 times daily in a 100-stall rotary parlor were used in this prospective cohort study. Calves were removed immediately after calving and not allowed to suckle their dam.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSustain Sci
March 2025
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Unlabelled: Arctic Indigenous food systems are essential to the survival of local communities, but face significant challenges due to environmental, economic, and social pressures. The objective of this study is to elicit values of the mixed Indigenous food system on St. Paul Island, Alaska, and understand their potential as deep leverage points for transformative change in the context of their historical co-evolution with the local food system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Trans Biomed Eng
September 2025
Objetive: This study aims to evaluate the QT adaptation time following gradual heart rate changes estimated from exercise stress test (EST) ECGs as a marker of sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. The predicted risk value for any cardiovascular death (CVD) is also evaluated.
Methods: Three ECG-derived markers related to QT-RR adaptation time were estimated during the exercise phase of EST, $\check{\tau }_{e}$, during the recovery phase, $\check{\tau }_{r}$, and as the difference between them, $\Delta _{\check{\tau }}$.