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The smfBox is a recently developed cost-effective, open-source instrument for single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET), which makes measurements on freely diffusing biomolecules more accessible. This overview includes a step-by-step protocol for using this instrument to make measurements of precise FRET efficiencies in duplex DNA samples, including details of the sample preparation, instrument setup and alignment, data acquisition, and complete analysis routines. The presented approach, which includes how to determine all the correction factors required for accurate FRET-derived distance measurements, builds on a large body of recent collaborative work across the FRET Community, which aims to establish standard protocols and analysis approaches. This protocol, which is easily adaptable to a range of biomolecular systems, adds to the growing efforts in democratising smFRET for the wider scientific community.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/62378 | DOI Listing |
Genome Biol
September 2025
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
Background: Centromeres are crucial for precise chromosome segregation and maintaining genome stability during cell division. However, their evolutionary dynamics, particularly in polyploid organisms with complex genomic architectures, remain largely enigmatic. Allopolyploid wheat, with its well-defined hierarchical ploidy series and recent polyploidization history, serves as an excellent model to explore centromere evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Nurs Knowl
September 2025
Luciano Feijão College, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
Purpose: To clinically validate the nursing diagnosis "Inadequate Nutritional Intake" based on elements identified within a specific situation theory framework in the context of children with cancer.
Methods: This is a diagnostic accuracy study following the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) protocol. Specifically, it refers to the clinical validation phase of the nursing diagnosis Inadequate nutritional intake, using a cross-sectional design.
Sci Rep
September 2025
Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, 41 Kawauchi, Sendai Aoba-ku, Miyagi, 980-8576, Japan.
Petit-spot volcanism plays a critical role in the metasomatism of oceanic plates prior to subduction and in their recycling into the deep mantle. The extent of metasomatism depends on the number and volume of petit-spot volcanic edifices and intrusions, making precise identification of petit-spot volcanic fields essential. However, conventional methods based on seafloor topography and acoustic backscatter intensity alone have limitations in accurately delineating these features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Biotechnol
September 2025
School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. Electronic address:
A key step in the precision fermentation of casein proteins is correct phosphorylation to generate one or more short linear sequence motifs (SLiMs) containing three or more phosphorylated seryl residues. The work of Balasubramanian et al. takes us a step closer to that goal by showing that two bacterial phosphokinases are promising alternatives to the mammalian Golgi phosphokinases and casein kinase-II.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi
September 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
Severe pneumonia remains a major threat to human health, particularly in patients who progress to sepsis, with immune dysregulation playing a central role in its pathophysiological mechanism. Although immunomodulatory therapies have evolved alongside our improved understanding of immune imbalance, conflicting clinical evidence persists. For example, agents targeting similar pathways may produce divergent outcomes, while those with opposing mechanisms of action may yield comparable results.
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