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Morphological and phenological traits are key determinants of the structure of mutualistic networks. Both traits create forbidden links, but phenological traits can also decouple interaction in time. While such difference likely affects the indirect effects among species and consequently network persistence, it remains overlooked. Here, using a dynamic model, we show that networks structured by phenology favour facilitation over competition within guilds of pollinators and plants, thereby increasing network persistence, while the contrary holds for networks structured by morphology. We further show that such buffering of competition by phenological traits mostly beneficiate to specialists, the most vulnerable species otherwise, which propagate the most positive effects within guilds and promote nestedness. Our results indicate that beyond trophic mismatch, phenological shifts such as those induced by climate change are likely to affect indirect effects within mutualistic assemblages, with consequences for biodiversity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13836 | DOI Listing |
J Plant Physiol
September 2025
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
Weeds are one of the major constraints for wheat productivity, causing significant yield losses worldwide. While chemical control is the most used practice to overcome weed damage, its efficacy is challenged by increasing weed resistance to most used herbicides, which is an expanding phenomenon caused by herbicide overuse/misuse. Modern wheat varieties are less able to perceive the presence of weeds than old varieties and are therefore less competitive against them and require chemical control to ensure adequate yields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlob Chang Biol
September 2025
CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Phenology-the study of seasonal biological events shaped by climate variability-has long offered critical insights into the impact of climate change on ecosystems. Traditionally, phenological research has focused on discrete and observable events such as budburst, leaf-out, flowering, and migration. Yet ecosystems are not driven by isolated events alone, but by continuous shifts in functional traits and biogeochemical processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Genome
September 2025
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
Genomic selection is an extension of marker-assisted selection by leveraging thousands of molecular markers distributed across the genome to capture the maximum possible proportion of the genetic variance underlying complex traits. In this study, genomic prediction models were developed by integrating phenological, physiological, and high-throughput phenotyping traits to predict grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under three environmental conditions: irrigation, drought stress, and terminal heat stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcol Evol
September 2025
Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney New South Wales Australia.
In photoperiod sensitive plants, the timing of phenological events depends primarily on day length rather than temperature, precipitation or other environmental variables. This may make these photoperiod sensitive species less able to respond to climate change as their phenologies are more tightly controlled by day length conditions, which remain constant into the future, than by changing climatic conditions. We measured germination under three light treatments (short-day, long-day and equal light and dark) to quantify species' germination photoperiod sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
August 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
The timing of male meiosis plays a pivotal role in ensuring successful pollination and may represent a critical window during which environmental stressors can significantly impact reproductive outcomes. In anemophilous plants, both the quantity of microspores produced and the development of viable pollen are particularly susceptible to external influences, such as fluctuating climatic conditions. This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of reproductive features, focusing on the meiotic events of male gametogenesis and the phenological phases from the onset to full flowering in olive from central Italy.
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