Low insertion of cystic duct increases risk for common bile duct stone recurrence.

Background: Common bile duct (CBD) stone is one of the most frequent biliary diseases. Recurrence after the complete removal of CBD stones is high, and we aim to evaluate the rate and risk factors for symptomatic recurrence of CBD stones after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Methods: We, retrospectively, reviewed the database of patients who underwent ERCP for CBD stones and subsequent cholecystectomy between January 2015 and December 2017 at a tertiary hospital. The recurrence of symptomatic CBD stones was defined as the presence of a CBD stone with related symptoms at least 6 months after the ERCP procedure. The primary outcomes were recurrence of symptomatic CBD stones and its risk factors.

Results: Among the 362 enrolled patients, 60 experienced a symptomatic recurrence of CBD stones between 6 months and 5 years after the procedure. The mean duration of follow-up was 32.3 ± 8.1 months. The patients with recurrences were older and had a longer follow-up duration. Low insertion of the cystic duct (HR = 2.893, p = 0.016), distal CBD angulation (HR = 1.015, p = 0.034), maximum CBD diameter (HR = 1.070, p = 0.012), number of ERCP sessions at first admission (HR = 1.558, p = 0.032), and cannulation time (HR = 1.030, p = 0.008) were the independent risk factors for symptomatic recurrent CBD stones.

Conclusions: Patients with risk factors, especially those with low cystic duct insertion, are more prone to symptomatic recurrent CBD stones and should be followed more carefully.