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In previous studies, the receivers in indoor visible light communication (VLC) were usually fixed. However, in reality, the receivers in VLC have random locations and orientations. Therefore, it is important to consider these random factors for performance analysis in VLC. In this paper, we consider a typical VLC system with a fixed transmitter and a random receiver. Two types of receivers are investigated: (1) those with random location and (2) those with random orientation. Based on the established system model, the statistical characteristics of the channel were obtained, and closed-form expressions of the average channel capacity and the outage probability were derived, respectively. Finally, numerical results verified the accuracy of derived theoretical expressions. Moreover, the effects of the nominal optical intensity, the dimming target, the transmitter height, the receiver zone's radius, the outage threshold, and the Lambertian emission order on system performance were also provided.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.412972 | DOI Listing |
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
October 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Introduction: Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality, with mortality from septic shock exceeding 40%. Standardized resuscitation (30 mL/kg) may cause adverse outcomes, including fluid overload or prolonged hypotension, emphasizing the need for individualized strategies. Sepsis-induced shock arises from varying degrees of vasodilation and hypovolemia, yet patients often present with similar clinical signs in the emergency department (ED).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biopharm Stat
September 2025
Department of Information and Computer Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
The mean survival time (MST) is usually estimated as the area under the curve of the estimated survival function obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. However, when the maximum observed survival time is censored, the MST cannot be estimated because the survival function does not reach zero. In such cases, parametric and hybrid methods are used to estimate the MST.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Biotechnol J
September 2025
Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Black pod disease, caused by a complex of Phytophthora species, poses a severe threat to global cacao production. This study explores the use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to reduce disease susceptibility in Theobroma cacao L. by targeting the TcNPR3 gene, a known negative regulator of plant defence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Respir J
September 2025
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
Background: Persistent inflammation is a crucial characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Gut microbiota (GM) contribute to the occurrence and development of several pulmonary diseases through the "gut-lung axis." The genetic role of GM in IPF and the mediating effect of circulating inflammatory proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
September 2025
College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
Sodium-ion batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost and resource abundance. However, their cathode materials suffer from poor conductivity and limited cycling stability. Here, we report a Prussian blue (PB)-based cathode hybridized with carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via a glutamic acid-assisted in situ coordination route.
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