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We report on the design, characterization and validation of a spherical irradiation system for inactivating SARS-CoV-2, based on UV-C 275 nm LEDs. The system is designed to maximize irradiation intensity and uniformity and can be used for irradiating a volume of 18 L. To this aim: (i) several commercially available LEDs have been acquired and analyzed; (ii) a complete optical study has been carried out in order to optimize the efficacy of the system; (iii) the resulting prototype has been characterized optically and tested for the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 for different exposure times, doses and surface types; (iv) the result achieved and the efficacy of the prototype have been compared with similar devices based on different technologies. Results indicate that a 99.9% inactivation can be reached after 1 min of treatment with a dose of 83.1 J/m.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092315 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Reinfections with SARS-CoV-2 have gained increasing relevance in the context of emerging immune-evasive variants and waning population immunity. Understanding their frequency and distribution is essential to guide public health strategies, particularly in middle-income countries. This study investigates the epidemiological patterns of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in Espírito Santo, Brazil, using integrated notification and vaccination databases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
August 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Medical interventions, such as masks, were a cornerstone in mitigating the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since 2019, the scientific community has increasingly focused on exploring avenues for pandemic prevention and preparedness to enhance responses to future viral outbreaks. One such area of interest explores the use of additives, such as silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), in masks to enhance the antiviral properties of personal protective equipment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
September 2025
Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
Disinfectant wipes are widely used to reduce microbial contamination on surfaces, yet there is limited information on how viruses are physically removed or chemically inactivated during wiping. This study aimed to address this gap by comparing the contributions of physical removal and chemical inactivation to overall disinfection efficacy. Glass and vinyl coupons were contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 surrogates, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), or human coronavirus OC43, at an initial titer of 5-6 log TCID/surface with 5% soil load.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosaf Health
August 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno 89557 Nevada, United States of America.
The role of personal protective equipment (PPE) in protecting against exposure to infectious agents and toxic chemicals is well-established. However, the global surge in PPE demand during the pandemic exposed challenges, including shortages and environmental impacts from disposable waste. Developing effective, scalable, and sustainable decontamination methods for the reuse of PPE is essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Environ Virol
September 2025
REDOLí Research Group, Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
The global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted the urgent need for effective disinfection strategies to mitigate virus transmission. Electrolyzed water (EW), an eco-friendly and cost-effective biocidal agent, has garnered attention for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study evaluates the virucidal, bactericidal, and fungicidal capacities of EW with diverse pH, with a focus on its effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.
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