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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.020 | DOI Listing |
Acta Neurochir (Wien)
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Background: Recent studies suggest that large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are useful tools for medical students or residents when preparing for examinations. These studies, especially those conducted with multiple-choice questions, emphasize that the level of knowledge and response consistency of the LLMs are generally acceptable; however, further optimization is needed in areas such as case discussion, interpretation, and language proficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of six distinct LLMs for Turkish and English neurosurgery multiple-choice questions and assess their accuracy and consistency in a specialized medical context.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging Neurosci (Camb)
August 2024
Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The ability to adapt to changes in the environment is essential for skilled performance, especially in competitive sports and events, where experts consistently perform at the highest level, rapidly adapting to unpredictable conditions. Current studies have identified cortical-cortical interactions between the premotor and primary motor cortex during expert performance; however, while these interactions are important for planning and execution, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying learning, feedback, and adaptation remains unclear. Subcortical structures, such as the cerebellum, have dense connections with the cerebral cortex through which they provide precise topological constraints that could putatively play a crucial role in fast, accurate task execution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMod Pathol
July 2025
Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Accurate histopathological evaluation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), including primary tumor lesions and lymph node metastases, is critical for prognostic evaluation and personalized therapeutic strategies. Distinct from other solid tumors, PDAC presents unique diagnostic challenges owing to its extensive desmoplasia, unclear tumor boundary, and difficulty in differentiating from chronic pancreatitis. These characteristics not only complicate pathological diagnosis but also hinder the acquisition of pixel-level annotations required for training computational pathology models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMod Pathol
April 2025
Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
For 2 decades, the American Society of Clinial Oncology-College of American Pathologists human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing criteria have included 0 and 1+ scores, but this distinction was inconsequential. Now, based on the DESTINY Breast-04 Trial (DB-04) results, for patients with metastatic breast cancer it underpins eligibility for trastuzumab-deruxtecan treatment. Discerning 0 from 1+ immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining is challenging, as HER2 low is not a biologically distinct cancer subset, there are no reference standards or controls, and second-tier tests (eg, in situ hybridization) do not apply.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndoscopy
April 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Background: Autoimmune gastritis (AIG), distinct from Helicobacter pylori-associated atrophic gastritis (HpAG), is underdiagnosed due to limited awareness. This multicenter study aimed to develop a novel endoscopic artificial intelligence (AI) system for assisting in AIG diagnosis.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with AIG, HpAG, or nonatrophic gastritis (NAG), were retrospectively enrolled from six centers.