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We investigated changes in the composition of cervical fluid at different phases of the female rat reproductive cycle. Fluid was collected from the cervix of rats by direct cervical flushing and analyzed for changes in Na and Cl content and osmolarity. Following sacrifice, the cervix was harvested and expressions of mRNA and protein for ENaCs, CFTR and AQPs were measured using qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Cervical fluid Na and Cl content was high during estrus, but osmolarity was high during metestrus and diestrus. Expressions of CFTR, AQP-1 and AQP-2 in the cervix were high during estrus, but low during diestrus. Expression of ENaC (α, β, γ), AQP-5 and AQP-7 was high during metestrus and diestrus and low during estrus. Changes in expression of ion channels in the cervix could explain changes in cervical fluid composition during the estrus cycle phases that could affect female fertility.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2021.1899285 | DOI Listing |
Am J Emerg Med
September 2025
University of South Carolina School of Medicine - Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA.
Total laryngectomy (TLE) results in the permanent separation of the respiratory and digestive tracts, requiring all airway interventions to occur exclusively via a neck stoma. Although airway obstruction in post-laryngectomy patients is uncommon, it can rapidly become fatal without prompt recognition and understanding of the altered anatomy. Here, we report the case of a patient with a recent TLE for squamous cell carcinoma, who presented to a rural Emergency Department (ED) in acute respiratory distress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Cervical cancer is a serious threat to women's life and health and has a high mortality rate. Colposcopy is an important method for early clinical cervical cancer screening, but the traditional vaginal dilator has problems such as discomfort in use and cumbersome operation. For this reason, this study aims to design an intelligent vaginal dilatation system to automate colposcopy and enhance patient comfort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Gynecol Obstet
September 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
Objectives: Recommendations regarding the use of third-trimester ultrasound lack universal consensus. Yet, there is evidence which supports its value in assessing fetal growth, fetal well-being, and a number of pregnancy-related complications. This literature review evaluates the available scientific evidence regarding its applications, usefulness, and the timing of the third-trimester scan in a low-risk population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Actinomyces graevenitzii is a relatively uncommon Actinomyces species, which is an oral species and predominantly recovered from respiratory locations [1,2]. It is a gram-positive anaerobic bacteria or microaerobic filamentation bacteria, which can induce pyogenic and granulomatous inflammation characterized by swelling and concomitant pus, sinus formation, and the formation of yellow sulfur granules. All tissues and organs can be infected; the most common type involves the neck and face (55%), followed by the abdominal and pelvic cavities (20%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLaryngoscope
September 2025
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Background: Meningitis following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Current strategies for prevention, therapeutic options, and surgical timing lack consensus due to insufficient risk stratification tools. This study aimed to identify meningitis risk determinants and develop a predictive model to facilitate early detection in CSF leak patients.
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