Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on how T cells react to SARS-CoV-2 infection by analyzing the immune responses of 99 recovered COVID-19 patients.
- Researchers use a comprehensive approach, examining 1,925 peptides for class II T cell responses and an additional 5,600 peptides for class I responses across various HLA alleles to ensure broad representation.
- They identify numerous specific viral epitopes and observe different patterns of immunodominance among CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and antibodies, combining findings into epitope megapools for better identification and quantification of T cell responses.
Video Abstracts
Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
T cells are involved in control of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To establish the patterns of immunodominance of different SARS-CoV-2 antigens and precisely measure virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, we study epitope-specific T cell responses of 99 convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. The SARS-CoV-2 proteome is probed using 1,925 peptides spanning the entire genome, ensuring an unbiased coverage of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles for class II responses. For HLA class I, we study an additional 5,600 predicted binding epitopes for 28 prominent HLA class I alleles, accounting for wide global coverage. We identify several hundred HLA-restricted SARS-CoV-2-derived epitopes. Distinct patterns of immunodominance are observed, which differ for CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and antibodies. The class I and class II epitopes are combined into epitope megapools to facilitate identification and quantification of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837622 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100204 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Mandatory preventive vaccines for infectious diseases expressing T-cell epitopes for cancer prevention.
Infect Agent Cancer
July 2025
Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 52, Naples, Italy.
We have previously reported that microorganism-associated antigens (MAAs) share high sequence and conformational homology with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) as well as T cells cross-react with homologous MAA/TAA pairs. More recently, we have also shown that the SARS-CoV-2 preventive vaccine, besides the humoral response, is able to elicit also a T cell response which cross-react with homologous TAAs. In the present study we analyzed the mandatory pediatric vaccines, namely the hexavalent vaccine (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (whooping cough), Polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Hepatitis B) and the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella), and the chickenpox vaccine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGnostic and agnostic immunotherapy by tropism-retargeted herpes simplex virus without direct tumor treatment.
J Immunother Cancer
July 2025
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Background: Cancer immunotherapy includes vaccines generated through distinct approaches, each with advantages and limitations. Those made of autologous or allogeneic whole cells do not require prior identification of antigens, that is, immunize against undetermined (agnostic) tumor antigens. However, they often exhibit low adjuvanticity and modest antigenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune cell single-cell RNA sequencing analyses link an age-associated T cell subset to symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Front Immunol
July 2025
Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is among the most common age-associated diseases in men. Prostatic immune cell infiltration is frequently observed with aging coincident with BPH; however, the contribution of age-related changes in immune cells to BPH is not clear. As T cells are the predominate immune cell in aged prostates, it is hypothesized that age-associated alterations in T cell subsets contribute to BPH symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultipath ROS Storm and Immune Activation via Sulfur Vacancy-Optimized ZnInS Nanosheets for Piezocatalytic Tumor Therapy.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.
Piezocatalytic therapy is a novel therapeutic strategy that uses mechanical energy to drive catalytic reactions to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, existing materials are limited by low intrinsic catalytic efficiency and a single route to ROS production. This makes it difficult to break through the antioxidant barrier of the tumor microenvironment, which severely limits the antitumor efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncolytic reovirus enhances the effect of CEA immunotherapy when combined with PD1-PDL1 inhibitor in a colorectal cancer model.
Immunotherapy
April 2025
Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Aim: The effectiveness of immunotherapy with tumor associated antigen vaccines can be enhanced by combining oncolytic viruses with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study evaluates the efficacy of oncolytic reovirus in combination with an adenovector expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (Ad-CEA) and a programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor in a mouse model.
Methods: Mice bearing CEA-expressing CT26 tumor cells were immunized with Ad-CEA along with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor.