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Centrifugal pumps are being widely used in various industries for moving fluids that carry solids through pipelines where the need of head and flow rate is not high. Slurry erosion and cavitation are an extremely complex and not yet fully understood phenomenon that occur in centrifugal pumps; however, these undesirable phenomena can be reduced to a certain extent. Appropriate design and development of experiments is required to reasonably predict slurry erosion and cavitation. However, CFD methodology complements analytical solutions and experiments whenever testing of equipment has limitations. The current paper highlights the various slurry erosion and cavitation reduction techniques utilized by different researchers. Economic analysis conducted for a case study relevant to centrifugal pump (CP) usage in Pakistan shows that an 8% enhancement in pump efficiency can reduce the life cycle cost to about 17.6%, which could save up to USD 4281 for a single pump annually in Pakistan.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030521 | DOI Listing |
J Environ Manage
August 2025
Australian Rivers Institute, Logan Campus, Griffith University, 68 University Dr, Meadowbrook, Queensland, 4131, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
Water quality trading between point and diffuse sources aims to improve waterway health and achieve sustainable management goals for aquatic ecosystems. However, methods are needed to quantitatively compare their ecosystem impacts. Our study used a key measure of ecosystem health, dissolved oxygen (DO) demand, to identify and compare the nutrient and organic carbon parameters in different nutrient sources that have the greatest impact on DO demand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Dent
October 2025
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University- UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:
Objective: To evaluate the protective potential of fluoride toothpaste formulations associated with aminomethacrylate copolymer (AMC) against enamel initial erosion and erosive tooth wear.
Material And Methods: Polished bovine enamel specimens were divided into six groups (n = 13): placebo toothpaste (PL), AMC toothpaste (AMC 4 %), sodium fluoride toothpaste (F, 1450 ppm F), AMC+NaF toothpaste (AMC+F), abrasion negative control (ANC - ultrapure water with abrasion), and erosion negative control- (ENC - ultrapure water without abrasion). Specimens underwent erosive/abrasive cycling, which included 0.
Int J Clin Pediatr Dent
April 2025
Department of Pedodontics, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India.
Aims And Background: To compare and evaluate the effects of bioactive glass (BAG), nano hydroxyapatite (nHAp), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF)-based slurry on surface microhardness (SMH) of demineralized enamel.
Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight extracted deciduous teeth were disinfected in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 hour and stored in 1% thymol prior to specimen preparation.
Monogr Oral Sci
May 2025
Emeritus Professor, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Tooth wear involves three processes. Abrasion is a form of three-body wear produced by abrasive components of slurries contacting the teeth (either food or, in modern Western populations, mainly toothpaste). Attrition is a form of two-body wear through tooth-tooth contact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBraz Oral Res
February 2025
University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Bern, Switzerland.
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of salivary pellicle modification with polyphenol-rich solutions containing fluoride on enamel erosion and abrasion. Human enamel specimens (n = 14/group) were assigned to five pellicle-modifying groups: GSE+F (grape seed extract +500 ppm F-); CRA+F (cranberry extract +500 ppm F-); NaF (sodium fluoride solution -5 00ppm F-); Sn+F (commercial solution, SnCl2/NaF/AmF); and DW (deionized water, negative control). The specimens were submitted to 5 cycles, each one consisting of pellicle formation (120μl, 30 min, 37°C, no agitation), followed by pellicle modification with the experimental solutions (5 ml, 2 min, 25ºC, 70 rpm), and subsequent salivary pellicle formation (120 μl, 60 min, 37°C, no agitation).
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