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The SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV-2) virus is the causative agent of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It contains a positive sense single-stranded RNA genome and belongs to the genus of Betacoronaviruses. The 5'- and 3'-genomic ends of the 30 kb SCoV-2 genome are potential antiviral drug targets. Major parts of these sequences are highly conserved among Betacoronaviruses and contain cis-acting RNA elements that affect RNA translation and replication. The 31 nucleotide (nt) long highly conserved stem-loop 5a (SL5a) is located within the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) important for viral replication. SL5a features a U-rich asymmetric bulge and is capped with a 5'-UUUCGU-3' hexaloop, which is also found in stem-loop 5b (SL5b). We herein report the extensive H, C and N resonance assignment of SL5a as basis for in-depth structural studies by solution NMR spectroscopy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12104-021-10007-w | DOI Listing |
J Fish Biol
September 2025
Education and Conservation Department, SeaWorld, San Diego, California, USA.
Drones are becoming increasingly useful in their ability to observe wildlife. They have been especially useful in documenting marine animals such as sharks. Here we present novel aerial drone observations of a previously unknown dorsal-fin behaviour in white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Plants
September 2025
Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah, University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Drylands are highly vulnerable to global-scale aridity thresholds that cause drastic reductions in their productivity. While protected areas may help buffer against the impact of aridification, their effectiveness in mitigating the aridity thresholds across global drylands remains virtually unknown. Here we assembled a global dataset of drylands and found that highly protected areas, which include national parks and wilderness areas, can buffer the emergence of aridity thresholds in ecosystem productivity by up to 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ R Soc Interface
September 2025
Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium.
Iridescent coloration is a vibrant structural colour that is widespread in nature, but in mammals is thought to be limited. Although multiple rodent and Eulipotyphlan species have been anecdotally described as iridescent, empirical evidence outside of the Chrysochloridae (golden mole) family is lacking. As iridescence in golden moles is created through a thin-film mechanism from a compressed cuticle structure, and the structure of hair is highly conserved, we expect iridescence to be present, and produced by the same mechanism, in mammals that share similar hair properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Econ Entomol
September 2025
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
The ability of parasitoid wasps to precisely locate hosts in complex environments is a key factor in suppressing pest populations. Chemical communication plays an essential role in mediating insect behaviors such as locating food sources, hosts, and mates. Odorant receptors (ORs) are the key connection between external odors and olfactory nerves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArboviral infections, particularly Dengue and Zika, continue to rise at an alarming rate, with both viruses declared global health emergencies in 2024 and 2016, respectively. The NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) is highly conserved, making nucleoside-based RdRp inhibitors a promising strategy for antiviral development. While nucleoside analogs have shown strong clinical potential, challenges such as cell permeability, the efficiency of triphosphate conversion, degradation, and mitochondrial toxicity remain.
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