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This series of reviews has been produced to assist both the experienced surgeon and coder, as well as those just starting practice that may have little formal training in this area. Understanding this complex system will allow the provider to work 'smarter, not harder' and garner the maximum compensation for their work. We hope we have been successful in achieving that goal and that this series will provide useful information and be worth the time invested in reading it by bringing tangible benefits to the efficiency of practice and its reimbursement.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7661368 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2020-000578 | DOI Listing |
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban
May 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410005.
Objectives: The Charlson comorbidity index reflects overall comorbidity burden and has been applied in cardiovascular medicine. However, its role in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by ventricular arrhythmias (VA) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of the Charlson comorbidity index in this setting and to construct a nomogram model for early risk identification and individualized management to improve outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRen Fail
December 2025
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Biological sex has a profound impact on disease severity, outcomes and diagnosis yet, its role in clinical disease is insufficiently explored. Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with high mortality and multiple organ dysfunctions, where acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly worsens prognosis. Here we investigated the impact of sex on the diagnostic parameters used for severity grading in ACLF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUgeskr Laeger
September 2025
Institut for Klinisk Medicin, Københavns Universitet.
Seriously ill patients often fear not death but dying in pain and solitude. This review emphasises setting treatment ceilings and prioritising palliation over unnecessary interventions. Such discussions are best held in calm settings but can be challenging in acute situations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Blood Cancer
September 2025
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Sub-Committee, Association of Childhood Leukemia Study (JACLS), Japan.
Background: Relapsed or refractory cases of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have poor outcomes despite advancements in chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). While a second HSCT is often a salvage option, its outcomes vary widely, and prognostic factors remain unclear.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate outcomes and identify prognostic factors in pediatric patients with AML who underwent multiple HSCTs.
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine.
Currently, there is no effective treatment for elevated intracranial pressure in the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Recently, we developed "step-down infusion of barbiturate," a therapeutic strategy for severe traumatic brain injury, which decreased intracranial pressure and significantly reduced mortality without serious side effects. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of step-down infusion of barbiturate in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF