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The molecular mechanisms that restore microglial quiescence after acute stimulation remain largely unexplored, unlike those that drive microglial activation. In this issue of Immunity, Shemer et al. discover that the microglial IL-10 receptor counteracts the pro-inflammatory effects of TNF to allow restoration of microglial quiescence after peripheral endotoxin challenge.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.016 | DOI Listing |
Mol Biol Rep
September 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea.
Background: Bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), specifically lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria (S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Hepatol
August 2025
Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, New South Wales, Australia.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) now affects roughly one-quarter of the world's population, reflecting the global spread of obesity and insulin resistance. Reframing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as MAFLD emphasizes its metabolic roots and spotlights the gut-liver axis, where intestinal dysbiosis acts as a key driver of hepatic injury. Altered microbial communities disrupt epithelial integrity, promote bacterial translocation, and trigger endotoxin-mediated inflammation that accelerates steatosis, lipotoxicity, and fibrogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav Immun Health
October 2025
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
The California mouse is a biparental monogamous rodent species used to study the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying social stressors, but there is limited research investigating the neuroimmune response within the species to facilitate our understanding of stress and neuroinflammation interactions. The data herein provide an assessment of behavior, somatic metrics, and gene expression changes within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) at 4- and 24-h following a single peripheral injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in males and females. We observed effects of LPS on spleen weights and both males and females demonstrated sickness-like behaviors at 24 h as indicated by assessment of nest building quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrep Biochem Biotechnol
September 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Enteric fever caused by remains a critical public health challenge due to rising incidence and increasing antimicrobial resistance. The development of effective polysaccharide conjugate vaccines targeting Salmonella Paratyphi requires high-purity O-antigen polysaccharide (PS) conjugated to immunogenic carrier proteins. This study optimized a robust and scalable purification-conjugation methodology, specifically tailored for O-antigen from Initial purification utilized ultrafiltration via tangential flow filtration (TFF), followed by sequential cation- and anion-exchange chromatography steps, significantly reducing protein, nucleic acid, and endotoxin contaminants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Lett
August 2025
Safe Product Services LLC, Pittsfield, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Endotoxin, also known as LPS, is the main component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is released into the environment during cell division and cell death. Contamination of drug products and medical devices by endotoxin has been reported.
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