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Phylogenetic analysis can be a powerful tool for generating hypotheses regarding the evolution of physiological processes. Here, we provide an updated view of the evolution of the main cation channels in plant electrical signalling: the Shaker family of voltage-gated potassium channels and the two-pore cation (K) channel (TPC1) family. Strikingly, the TPC1 family followed the same conservative evolutionary path as one particular subfamily of Shaker channels (K) and remained highly invariant after terrestrialisation, suggesting that electrical signalling was, and remains, key to survival on land. We note that phylogenetic analyses can have pitfalls, which may lead to erroneous conclusions. To avoid these in the future, we suggest guidelines for analyses of ion channel evolution in plants.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.07.011 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem A
September 2025
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States.
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been gaining increasing focus in a variety of applications including emerging electric-propulsion concepts. A quantitative understanding of how IL ions fragment during high-energy collisions with background gases is therefore essential for interpreting mass spectra, predicting ion lifetimes in plasma and vacuum environments, and designing IL-based technologies. This work uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a reactive force field to numerically model the collision-induced dissociation (CID) of isolated ions (both positive and negative) and ion clusters (2:1 and 1:2 clusters) of the prototypical ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF), colliding with a nitrogen (N) molecule, exploring all possible fragmentation channels arising from the breaking of both ionic and covalent bonds at collision energies ranging from 10 electron volts (eV) to 100 electron volts (eV) in the laboratory frame.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan.
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are prevalent in urinary tract stone disease. While their formation can be induced in rats by administering ethylene glycol and vitamin D, the initial nucleation and formation processes are unclear. Here, we aimed to determine where CaOx crystals initially form, examine the associated histological and morphological changes, and clarify the genes whose expression varies at those sites and their function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDalton Trans
September 2025
Department of Chemistry and Protein Research Center for Bio-Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea.
The nanoscale environment within the void spaces of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can significantly influence the photoredox catalytic activity of encapsulated visible-light photoredox catalysts (PCs). To compare two isostructural PC@In-MOF systems, three cationic Ru(II) polypyridine complexes were successfully encapsulated within the mesoscale channels of the anionic framework of InTATB (HTATB = 4,4',4''--triazine-2,4,6-triyltribenzoic acid), which features a doubly interpenetrated framework structure. This encapsulation yielded three heterogenized visible-light PCs, RuL@InTATB, where L = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), or 2,2'-bipyrazine (bpz).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagn Reson Lett
May 2025
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Organic structure directing agents (OSDAs), such as tetrapropylammonium (TPA) cations, serve as crucial templates for the formation of zeolite frameworks. These organic molecules interact with inorganic species, guiding the assembly of the zeolite structure. In this study, we investigate the complex interplay between boron species and TPA cations during the crystallization of [B, Al]-ZSM-5 zeolites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
September 2025
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
We report the hydrothermal syntheses and structural and spectroscopic characterization of two new uranium oxide hydrate frameworks (UOHFs) with either Pr or Nd ions, Pr(HO)[(UO)UO(OH)] () or Nd(HO)[(UO)UO(OH)] (). Both UOHFs crystallize in the orthorhombic 222 space group and display needle crystal morphologies. Their crystal structures are composed of β-UO-type layers connected by double uranium polyhedra to form the frameworks, with disordered Pr/Nd ions within the framework channels, as revealed by synchrotron single-crystal XRD.
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