Effects of Multi-Strain Probiotics on Immune Responses and Metabolic Balance in -Infected Mice.

Chronic inflammation caused by infection increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. Even though the prevalence of infection has been decreased in many regions, the development of antibiotic resistance strains has increased the difficulty of eradicating . Therefore, exploring alternative approaches to combat infection is required. It is well-known that probiotic therapy can improve clearance. In this study, -infected mice were treated with P2 (P2), L21 (L21), JB3 (JB3), or a mixture including the aforementioned three (multi-LAB) for three days. All the lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) treatments decreased loads in the stomach and gene expression, specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A, and IgM levels in stomach homogenates, as well as serum levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 beta. The multi-LAB and JB3 treatments further restored the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities suppressed by infection. Furthermore, infection decreased serum concentrations of 15 kinds of amino acids as well as palmitic acid. The multi-LAB treatment was able to recover the serum levels of alanine, arginine, aspartate, glycine, and tryptophan, which are all important in modulating immune functions. In addition, butyric acid, valeric acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid levels were increased. In this study, multi-LAB revealed its ability to adjust the composition of metabolites to improve health. To date, the mechanisms underlying how LAB strains crosstalk with the host are not fully understood. Identifying the mechanisms which are regulated by LABs will facilitate the development of effective therapies for infection in the future.