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This short review highlights the role of reaction engineering as a tool for bioprocess development. Selected examples are discussed that demonstrate the need to understand thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reaction system in order to identify potential bottlenecks. For coupled enzyme systems and reaction cascades modelling as well as selection of suitable reactor configurations is discussed. For the problem of overcoming product inhibition examples are given, followed by selected examples for product removal. Finally, two reactor concepts for oxidation reactions requiring oxygen are briefly presented.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2020.378 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Case Rep Intern Med
July 2025
Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Introduction: Interstitial lung disease is a major complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. There are some publications that try to shed light on the pathophysiology of this non-infectious complication, most of them highlight the role of follicular T cells and CD21 B cells. Moreover, there are no guidelines based on randomized controlled studies on the treatment of patients with interstitial lung disease and the published case series or small uncontrolled studies describe a wide range of response rates to treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotrauma Rep
August 2025
Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, New York, USA.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs attention and executive function, often through disrupted coordination between cognitive and autonomic systems. While electroencephalography (EEG) and pupillometry are widely used to assess neural and autonomic responses independently, little is known about how these systems interact in TBI. Understanding their coordination is essential to identify compensatory mechanisms that may support attention under conditions of neural inefficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Goal-directed behavior requires adjusting cognitive control, both in preparation for and in reaction to conflict. Theta oscillations and population activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) are known to support reactive control. Here, we investigated their role in proactive control using human intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during a Stroop task that manipulated conflict expectations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Addictive disorders remain a global problem, affecting health, society and the economy. The etiopathogenesis of addictions, which have a multifactorial nature, is poorly understood, making it difficult to develop personalized treatment approaches. Of particular interest is the gene, which regulates serotonergic transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Electrochem
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
The surface structure of an electrocatalyst plays a crucial role in determining the activity. As a model system, gold has been widely investigated as an electro-oxidation catalyst, although there has been much less research on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the potential region of gold oxidation. Here, we combine voltammetric scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), at different spatial and angular resolutions, respectively, to correlate the local crystallographic structure of polycrystalline goldfocusing on grains close to (113), (011), (114), and (111) orientationswith the electrocatalytic behavior for the OER.
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