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Nitrous oxide in oxygen (NO/O) inhalation sedation is used less commonly by Singapore dentists than their counterparts in the United Kingdom and the United States. Using this technique, trained dentists often perform the dual roles of a sedationist and an operating dentist. This paper describes the mechanism of action of NO and highlights the modern gas delivery system commonly used in dentistry. The built-in safety features of this unique system helps to ensure that patient-specific therapeutic dosages are effectively and safely administered by dentists. Existing evidence for adverse events and the safety profile of the NO/O inhalation sedation is discussed. Finally, recommendations of equipment, training and techniques for safe NO/O inhalation sedation are provided.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S2214607519500019 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
August 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA.
Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory illnesses, significantly impacting patients through shortness of breath and even death. Acute exacerbations are usually controlled with a short-acting beta agonist, such as an albuterol inhaler, as well as long-acting agents to prevent the occurrence of exacerbations and status asthmaticus. Status asthmaticus is an emergent episode of asthma that is refractory to standard treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pulm Med
September 2025
Division of Cellular Pneumology, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany.
Background: Volatile anesthetics are gaining recognition for their benefits in long-term sedation of mechanically ventilated patients with bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In addition to their sedative role, they also exhibit anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, though the mechanisms behind these effects remain only partially understood. In vitro studies examining the prolonged impact of volatile anesthetics on bacterial growth, inflammatory cytokine response, and surfactant proteins - key to maintaining lung homeostasis - are still lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Oral Biol Craniofac Res
August 2025
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background: Effective behavior management is vital in pediatric dentistry to ensure positive treatment in uncooperative children. General anesthesia (GA) and Inhalational sedation (IS) are some commonly used techniques, but an objective assessment tool is required to determine the most appropriate approach.
Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Modified Mohan Scale in guiding the selection between GA and IS for pediatric dental patients.
BMC Pediatr
September 2025
Department of Anaesthesiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
Background: Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange is a novel ventilation modality which can provide very high flow (up to 70 l/min) heated and humidified gas with adjustable temperatures (31-37 °C) and oxygen concentrations (21-100%). However its application in sedated gastroscopy in children has received little attention.
Objective: To observe transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange in sedated gastroscopy in children and its effect on the incidence of hypoxemia.
J Biomech Eng
September 2025
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, resulting from interactions between aerodynamic forces, neuromuscular activation, and tissue properties. This study introduces a novel methodology for analyzing airway wall dynamics by incorporating acceleration-based metrics into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to better understand the pathophysiology of airway collapse in OSA. A patient with OSA underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to capture airway anatomy and motion under sleep-like sedation.
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