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Diisononyl adipate is a plasticizer which has excellent property of low temperature resistance and is permitted in food contact materials. In this study, diisononyl adipate was synthesized from adipic acid and isononyl alcohol in a solvent-free system via immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification. Liquid Eversa lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus was immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600 carrier. The effects of temperature, substrate molar ratio, water activity of enzyme, vacuum, and enzyme loading on the reaction efficiency were investigated. Application of vacuum played a key role to achieve a 100% conversion. The optimal temperature, molar ratio (adipic acid to isononyl alcohol), water activity of enzyme, vacuum were 50 °C, 1:3, 0.75, 13.3 kPa, and 10% (based on weight of total substrate). Under these conditions, 100% conversion was achieved within 6 h.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.04.014 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
April 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Adsorption of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to various surfaces of labware can skew data during drug development. We observed substantial loss of two clinically significant hydrophobic contraceptive steroids, levonorgestrel (LNG) and etonogestrel (ENG), during in vitro release evaluation from poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and microneedles, leading to incomplete drug recovery. Our investigation identified the adsorption of these APIs to polypropylene (PP) as a key factor adversely affecting both the drug loss and sensitivity/linearity of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-ultraviolet (UV) assays during in vitro release tests.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGreen Chem
May 2024
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
The global plasticizer market is projected to increase from $17 billion in 2022 to $22.5 billion in 2027. Various emerging/alternative plasticizers entered the market following the ban on several phthalate plasticizers because of their harmful effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Health Prev Med
August 2024
Department of Environmental Medicine and Behavioral Science, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine.
Background: Plastic additives have adverse effects on human health. Children frequently use toys that contain various substances found in paints, plasticizers, and other materials, which heighten the risk of specific chemical exposure. Infants are particularly prone to chemical exposure through the "mouthing" behavior because of the possibility of placing toys in their mouths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEXCLI J
February 2021
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
Enzyme Microb Technol
December 2019
Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: k
Diisononyl adipate is a plasticizer which has excellent property of low temperature resistance and is permitted in food contact materials. In this study, diisononyl adipate was synthesized from adipic acid and isononyl alcohol in a solvent-free system via immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification. Liquid Eversa lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus was immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600 carrier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF