Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in children, travelers, and deployed military personnel. As such, development of a vaccine would be advantageous for public health. One strategy is to use subunits of colonization factors combined with antigen/adjuvant toxoids as an ETEC vaccine. Here, we investigated the intradermal (i.d.) or sublingual (s.l.) delivery of CFA/I fimbrial antigens, including CfaEB and a CfaE-heat-labile toxin B subunit (LTB) chimera admixed with double mutant heat-labile toxin (LT) LT-R192G/L211A (dmLT). In addition, we compared dmLT with other LT proteins to better understand the generation of adjuvanted fimbrial and toxoid immunity as well as the influence on any local skin reactogenicity. We demonstrate that immunization with dmLT admixed with CfaEB induces robust serum and fecal antibody responses to CFA/I fimbriae and LT but that i.d. formulations are not optimal for s.l. delivery. Improved s.l. vaccination outcomes were observed when higher doses of dmLT (1 to 5 μg) were admixed with CfaEB or, even better, when a CfaE-LTB chimera antigen was used instead. Serum anti-CFA/I total antibodies, detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were the best predictor of functional antibodies, based on the inhibition of red blood cell agglutination by ETEC. Immunization with other LT proteins or formulations with altered B-subunit binding during i.d. immunization (e.g., by addition of 5% lactose, LTA1, or LT-G33D) minimally altered the development of antibody responses and cytokine recall responses but reduced skin reactogenicity at the injection site. These results reveal how formulations and delivery parameters shape the adaptive immune responses to a toxoid and fimbria-derived subunit vaccine against ETEC.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6803349 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00460-19 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Food Allergy: Unproven diagnostics and therapeutics.
J Food Allergy
September 2020
From the Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
Food allergy or intolerance is often attributed by patients as the cause of many symptoms unknown to be directly related to food ingestion. For immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergy, diagnostic modalities are currently limited to the combination of clinical history, evidence of sensitization with food-specific IgE testing and skin-prick testing, and oral food challenge. Many patients find an appeal in the promise of identification of the etiology of their symptoms through alternative food allergy or intolerance diagnostic modalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistory of food allergy and where we are today.
World Allergy Organ J
May 2024
Allergy & Immunology Section, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
The food allergy (FA) entity went through a long difficult road which led to much delay in its recognition. After long periods of denial and misdiagnosis, it attained its current designation as food hypersensitivity or allergy. This review will briefly address the evolution of the FA entity from the early BC era until our 21st century and highlight the milestones in the main aspects of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent advances in house dust mite allergen immunotherapy (AIT): Routes of administration, biomarkers and molecular allergen profiling.
Mol Immunol
March 2023
Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France. Electronic address:
Allergy to house dust mites (HDM) is a perennial respiratory disease that affect more than half a billion people worldwide. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, two HDM species, are major sources of indoor allergens triggering allergic inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunology of allergen immunotherapy.
Immunother Adv
November 2022
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying therapy for allergic disease. Through repeated inoculations of low doses of allergen-either as whole proteins or peptides-patients can achieve a homeostatic balance between inflammatory effectors induced and/or associated with allergen contact, and mediators of immunologic non-responsiveness, potentially leading to sustained clinical improvements. AIT for airborne/respiratory tract allergens and insect venoms have traditionally been supplied subcutaneously, but other routes and modalities of administration can also be effective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF111 years of allergen-immunotherapy: A long and successful history of the only available disease-modifier in allergic diseases.
Allergol Select
November 2022
Department of Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The development of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has a long and complex history, with roots tracing back to the early 1900s, notably marked by Noon and Freeman's influential work in 1911.
- Various methods were explored over the years for administering allergen extracts, including subcutaneous, oral, and other innovative routes.
- Bill Franklin played a crucial role in advancing AIT to an evidence-based practice by emphasizing the importance of controlled clinical observations and placebo comparisons in documenting its effects.