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The microtubule-based cilium that extends from the surface of most eukaryotic cell types serves motility, sensory reception and cell-cell signaling functions, and is disrupted in wide-ranging ciliopathy disorders. The cilium is heavily reliant on dynamic and tuneable intracellular trafficking systems such as intraflagellar transport and Golgi-derived secretory pathways, which control the organelle's structure, function and molecular composition. More recently, endosomal retrieval and recycling, as well as extracellular vesicle (EV) release, pathways have been associated with ciliary membrane control. Here, we discuss the emerging role of these pathways in the control of ciliary membrane homeostasis. The new findings provide a deeper and more integrated understanding of how the ciliary membrane is organised.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2019.04.007 | DOI Listing |
Cytoskeleton (Hoboken)
September 2025
College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
Cilia, evolutionarily conserved organelles on eukaryotic cell surfaces, depend on the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system for their assembly, maintenance, and signaling. The IFT system orchestrates bidirectional trafficking of structural components and signaling molecules through coordinated actions of protein complexes and molecular motors. IFT complexes assemble into anterograde trains at the ciliary base and undergo structural remodeling at the ciliary tip to form retrograde trains, with bidirectional motility regulated by modifications on the trains per se and the microtubule tracks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
August 2025
Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
The trafficking, docking, and fusion of membrane vesicles at the mother centriole (MC) are required to construct the primary cilium. Here, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) membrane ultrastructures, and associated proteins, involved in primary cilium assembly upstream of axoneme growth. Our work reveals that the enlargement of small vesicles docked to the MC is a key trigger for ciliogenesis progression, a process requiring the MC distal appendage protein CEP164.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
August 2025
Computational Sciences Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
The effective delivery of pharmaceuticals to the respiratory tract is significantly influenced by the three-dimensional covalent network structure of mucus and the motility of cilia within the airway surface liquid (ASL). This study investigates the dissolution and absorption of three distinct drugs-Salbutamol sulfate (SAL), Tiotropium bromide (TIO), and Rifampicin (RIF)-in the ASL, focusing on individual particles of each drug with an initial diameter of 5 µm. A three-dimensional numerical model that characterizes mucus as a nonlinear viscoelastic fluid was employed for this analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pharmacol
August 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Introduction: In cystic fibrosis (CF), most CFTR mutations cause partial (Class II) or complete (Class I) loss of function. Modulators (VX) can improve CFTR function in Class II mutations but are ineffective for Class I mutations and may cause side effects, resulting in tolerability issues with concerns about long-term safety. Apical anion secretion, essential for maintaining airway surface liquid (ASL) homeostasis, is regulated by CFTR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Ophthalmol Case Rep
September 2025
Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospitals Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, 66280, Germany.
Purpose: To report a case of combined Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and secondary sulcus hydrophobic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for hyperopic correction in a pseudophakic eye with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy.
Observation: A 74-year-old woman with Fuchs' dystrophy and a history of phacoemulsification with a hydrophilic IOL in her left eye (refraction: +5.25 D/-1.