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Post-translational modifications (PTMs) by ubiquitin (Ub) are versatile, highly dynamic, and involved in nearly all aspects of eukaryote biological function. The reversibility and heterogeneity of Ub chains attached to protein substrates have complicated their isolation, quantification, and characterization. Strategies have emerged to isolate endogenous ubiquitylated targets, including technologies based on the use of Ub-binding peptides, such as tandem-repeated Ub-binding entities (TUBEs). TUBEs allow the identification and characterization of Ub chains, and novel substrates for deubiquitylases (DUBs) and Ub ligases (E3s). Here we review their impact on purification, analysis of pan or chain-selective polyubiquitylated proteins and underline the biological relevance of this information. Together with peptide aptamers and other Ub affinity-based approaches, TUBEs will contribute to unraveling the secrets of the Ub code.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2019.01.011 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China. Electronic address:
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) lacks effective therapies due to complex macromolecular signaling networks. Here, we identified the natural compound Trienomycin A (TA) as a potent binder and degrader of the key signaling adaptor protein Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS1), disrupting its macromolecular assembly in insulin-like growth pathways. Through integrated biochemical, cellular, and in vivo analyses, we demonstrated that TA directly bound the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of IRS1, inducing proteasomal degradation of this critical macromolecular hub mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW8.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomaterials
August 2025
Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China. Electronic address:
Aerobic glycolysis is critical for tumor development and metastasis. Regulating the activity of vital metabolic enzymes in the tumor glycolysis process, such as hexokinase 2 (HK-2), is expected for tumor treatment. However, conventional small molecule inhibitors only block the activity of proteases with consistently high doses via occupation-driven pattern, leading to off-target effects which limit their clinical application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
September 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
E3 ubiquitin ligases engage their substrates via 'degrons' - short linear motifs typically located within intrinsically disordered regions of substrates. As these enzymes are large, multi-subunit complexes that generally lack natural small-molecule ligands and are difficult to inhibit via conventional means, alternative strategies are needed to target them in diseases, and peptide-based inhibitors derived from degrons represent a promising approach. Here we explore peptide inhibitors of Cdc20, a substrate-recognition subunit and activator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) that is essential in mitosis and consequently of interest as an anti-cancer target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
August 2025
Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, PIAS, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
Heterobifunctional molecules, such as proteolysis-targeting and autophagy-targeting chimera, represent new drug concepts. They are composed of two protein binders that can induce proximity interactions between two proteins and protein catalysis. Currently, cereblon (CRBN)- and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-binders with thalidomide- and VH032-backbones are widely used as E3 ligase binders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
August 2025
Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacéutica, i Fisicoquímica. Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
E3 ligases are key regulators of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and have emerged as attractive drug target candidates for precise therapeutic intervention. Additionally, their ligands are extremely valuable as handles for Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD). However, only a limited number of E3 ligases have been targeted with small molecules.
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