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Clouds control much of the Earth's energy and water budgets. Aerosols, suspended in the atmosphere, interact with clouds and affect their properties. Recent studies have suggested that the aerosol effect on warm convective cloud systems evolve in time and eventually approach a steady state for which the overall effects of aerosols can be considered negligible. Using numerical simulations, it was estimated that the time needed for such cloud fields to approach this state is >24 hr. These results suggest that the typical cloud field lifetime is an important parameter in determining the total aerosol effect. Here, analyzing satellite observations and reanalysis data (with the aid of numerical simulations), we show that the characteristic timescale of warm convective cloud fields is less than 12 hr. Such a timescale implies that these clouds should be regarded as transient-state phenomena and therefore can be highly susceptible to changes in aerosol properties.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6287060 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.032 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
August 2025
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
Flight SQ321 encountered severe turbulence on May 21, 2024, while flying over Myanmar at an altitude of 37,000 feet, resulting in one fatality and 41 injuries. Using high-resolution satellite data from Himawari 8/9 and Formosat-7/COSMIC-2, as well as ADS-B flight data, this study investigates the meteorological conditions and operational factors contributing to the turbulence. The findings indicate that SQ321 flew through deep convective clouds with tops reaching 55,000 feet, characterized by cloud-top temperatures as low as - 80 [Formula: see text].
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August 2025
National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Crescent, Singapore.
This study formulates and implements a dynamic convective adjustment time-scale [Formula: see text]) in the convective parameterization scheme of CESM1.2, replacing the default fixed [Formula: see text]. By allowing [Formula: see text] to vary spatiotemporally with convective cloud depth and updraft velocity, the approach significantly improves Indian summer monsoon simulations.
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June 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame du Lac, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
Urbanization affects atmospheric boundary layer dynamics by altering cloud formation and precipitation patterns through the urban heat island (UHI) effect, perturbed wind flows, and urban aerosols, that overall contribute to the urban rainfall effect (URE). This study analyzes an ensemble of numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its version with coupled chemistry and aerosols (WRF-Chem) through a Functional ANalysis Of VAriance (FANOVA) approach to isolate the urban signature from the regional climatology and to investigate the relative contributions of various mechanisms and drivers to the URE. Different metropolitan areas across the United States are analyzed and their urban land cover and anthropogenic emissions are replaced with dominant land-use categories such as grasslands or croplands and biogenic only emissions, as in neighboring regions.
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July 2025
Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, China.
The raindrop size distribution (DSD) reflects the size distribution of raindrop particles and is of great significance for studying the microphysical processes of precipitation and improving the accuracy of quantitative precipitation estimation. In this study, eight years of disdrometer data were used to analyse the characteristics of the DSD at different geographical locations (the island station ISL and the inland plain station INL) in eastern China to explore its geographical distribution characteristics. The results show that the peak values of N(D) at the ISL and INL stations appear at 0.
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September 2025
Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India.
Dust storms accompanied by lightning are a critical natural hazard that can result in significant loss of life and property. This study employs the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-CHEM) to investigate the interactions between dust storms and lightning over a 48-hour simulation period, using both dust-inclusive and dust-exclusive scenarios over Uttar Pradesh on 23rd May 2022. The WRF model without dust effectively simulated lightning but underestimated its intensity, while the WRF-CHEM model with dust-inclusive simulation captured both lightning intensity and the path and strength of the dust storm.
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