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Bariatric and metabolic surgery is creating new concepts about how the intestine assimilates food. Recent studies highlight the role of the gastrointestinal tract in the genesis and evolution of type 2 diabetes. This article has been written to answer frequent questions about metabolic surgery results and the mechanisms of action. For this purpose, a non-systematic search of different databases was carried out, identifying articles published in the last decade referring to the mechanisms of action of metabolic techniques. Understanding these mechanisms will help grasp why some surgeries are more effective than others and why the results can be so disparate among patients undergoing the same surgical approach.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ciresp.2018.09.004 | DOI Listing |
Clin Mol Hepatol
September 2025
Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, China.
Background/aims: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hepatocytes plays a causative role in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). The incomplete inhibition of ER stress by targeting canonical ER stress sensor proteins suggests the existence of noncanonical ER stress pathways in ALD pathology. This study aimed to delineate the role of RAB25 in ALD and its regulatory mechanism in noncanonical ER stress pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Metab J
September 2025
Institute of Medical & Public Health Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Background: The long-term clinical efficacy of intraportal islet transplantation is hampered by islet loss due to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insufficient vascularization. This study explores the venous sac as an alternative implantation site for islet transplantation in large animal models.
Methods: An immunosuppressed, diabetic cynomolgus monkey received allogeneic islet implants in its mesenteric venous sac, with metabolic assessments over 112 days.
Connect Tissue Res
September 2025
Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial, mechano-inflammatory joint disorder characterized by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, no disease-modifying treatments have been approved. In many other disease areas, advanced omics technologies are impacting the development of advanced therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObesity (Silver Spring)
September 2025
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Objective: SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reducing the tirzepatide dose and/or continuing the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) versus placebo in maintaining body weight (BW) reduction achieved with tirzepatide MTD.
Methods: This Phase 3b, multicenter, randomized, parallel-arm, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 52-week clinical trial is in progress comparing treatment with once weekly tirzepatide (5 mg and/or MTD of 15 mg or 10 mg) versus placebo in achieving BW reduction maintenance from the initial 60-week open-label weight-loss period on tirzepatide MTD, in adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m or ≥ 27 kg/m with ≥ 1 obesity-related comorbidity, excluding type 2 diabetes). The primary endpoint is percent maintenance of BW reduction achieved during the weight-loss period at Week 112 among those who reached a BW plateau (i.
Signal Transduct Target Ther
September 2025
State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.