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Random number generation is an important task in modern science. A variety of quantum random number generation protocols have been proposed and realized. These protocols, however, are all based on two parties. Based on the weak measurement technique, we propose and realize a quantum random number generator among three observers. The violation of a double classical dimension witness based on the determinant value is first observed in experiment. With the heralding single-photon source, our experimental setup attains the independent assumption and the dimension assumption, which means our setup is semi-device-independent (DI). This Letter sheds new light on generating DI-type random number among multi-user and it has potential application prospect on the quantum cryptography and quantum random number in network environment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.003437 | DOI Listing |
Circulation
September 2025
Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (S.A.P.).
Background: Limited treatment options exist for infrapopliteal disease in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), a condition associated with a high risk of limb loss. Interventional management of diseased infrapopliteal vessels with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is associated with high rates of restenosis and reintervention. In the LIFE-BTK trial, the drug-eluting resorbable scaffold (DRS) demonstrated superior 12-month efficacy compared with PTA in a selected CLTI population with predominantly noncomplex, mildly to moderately calcified lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Case Rep Intern Med
July 2025
Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Introduction: Interstitial lung disease is a major complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. There are some publications that try to shed light on the pathophysiology of this non-infectious complication, most of them highlight the role of follicular T cells and CD21 B cells. Moreover, there are no guidelines based on randomized controlled studies on the treatment of patients with interstitial lung disease and the published case series or small uncontrolled studies describe a wide range of response rates to treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Int (Lond)
August 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
Oropouche virus (OROV) is emerging as a growing public health concern, with increasing numbers of case, an expanding global spread and the potential for severe clinical outcomes. However, despite the increasing incidence, the clinical features of OROV infections have not yet been thoroughly examined. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of clinical manifestations in OROV infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Comput Neurosci
August 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Artificial neural networks are limited in the number of patterns that they can store and accurately recall, with capacity constraints arising from factors such as network size, architectural structure, pattern sparsity, and pattern dissimilarity. Exceeding these limits leads to recall errors, eventually leading to catastrophic forgetting, which is a major challenge in continual learning. In this study, we characterize the theoretical maximum memory capacity of single-layer feedforward networks as a function of these parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBayesian Anal
January 2025
Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
We introduce the BREASE framework for the Bayesian analysis of randomized controlled trials with binary treatment and outcome. Approaching the problem from a causal inference perspective, we propose parameterizing the likelihood in terms of the aseline isk, fficacy, and dverse ide ffects of the treatment, along with a flexible, yet intuitive and tractable jointly independent beta prior distribution on these parameters, which we show to be a generalization of the Dirichlet prior for the joint distribution of potential outcomes. Our approach has a number of desirable characteristics when compared to current mainstream alternatives: (i) it naturally induces prior dependence between expected outcomes in the treatment and control groups; (ii) as the baseline risk, efficacy and risk of adverse side effects are quantities commonly present in the clinicians' vocabulary, the hyperparameters of the prior are directly interpretable, thus facilitating the elicitation of prior knowledge and sensitivity analysis; and (iii) we provide analytical formulae for the marginal likelihood, Bayes factor, and other posterior quantities, as well as an exact posterior sampling algorithm and an accurate and fast data-augmented Gibbs sampler in cases where traditional MCMC fails.
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