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are strong inducers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a defense mechanism of neutrophils against pathogens. Our aim was to explore the role of Protein A in -induced NETosis. We determined the Protein A production of four different strains and found a direct relationship between the degree of NETosis induction and Protein A production: strains producing higher concentrations of Protein A evoke significantly more NETs. A strain in which Protein A as well as a second binding protein for immunoglobulins () have been knocked-out (Δ Δ) induced significantly less NETosis than the wild-type strain. NETosis induction by this knockout strain can be rescued by the addition of purified Protein A. Dead did not induce NETosis. In conclusion, Protein A is a determinant for NETosis induction by .
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00165 | DOI Listing |
J Immunol Methods
August 2025
Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic
Neutrophils are an emerging target for therapeutical intervention in both autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. Since healthy humans lack constitutive neutrophil activation, induction of neutrophil activation is necessary to evaluate investigational compounds and can be achieved via intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Furthermore, LPS stimulation can be performed ex vivo during clinical trials, and in vitro for pre-clinical analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Discov
August 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
The liver is a major target organ for breast cancer metastasis, while the regulatory mechanism of liver colonization by breast cancer remains largely unclear. Neutrophils are known to play important roles in metastatic colonization of cancer cells by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here we show the role and mechanism of a subpopulation of Kupffer cells (KCs), the liver resident macrophages, in mediating tumoral induction of NETs and liver metastasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransfus Med Rev
July 2025
Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune prothrombotic disorder defined by the presence of one or more antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in conjunction with clinical manifestations such as thrombosis and/or obstetrical complications. One of the notable recent developments in APS research is the identification of a contributory role for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in its pathogenesis, establishing a mechanistic link between thrombosis, inflammation, and complement activation. NETs, composed of decondensed chromatin and neutrophil-derived granule proteins, are released in response to various infectious and sterile triggers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
June 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6703 Szeged, Hungary.
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) catalyzes protein citrullination, a post-translational modification implicated in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study examined PAD4 expression and activity in the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Animals were divided into three groups: (A) STZ-induced diabetic rats (60 mg/kg, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirulence
December 2025
Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
is a commensal member of the oral microbiome involved in opportunistic cardiovascular infections. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of , a gene strongly regulated by the two-component system VicRK, to functions associated with biofilm formation, immune evasion, and cardiovascular virulence. analysis showed that encodes a protein with a LysM domain, which is highly conserved among .
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