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Transgenic chickens have, in general, been produced by two different procedures. The first procedure is based on viral transfection systems. The second procedure, the non-viral method, is based on genetically modified embryonic cells transferred directly into the recipient embryo. In this review, we analyzed the effectiveness of important elements of the non-viral, cell-based strategy of transgenic chicken production. The main elements of this strategy are: isolation and cultivation of donor embryonic cells; transgene construction; cell transfection in vitro; and chimera production: injection of cells into recipient embryos, raising and identification of germline chimeras, mating germline chimeras, transgene inheritance, and transgene expression. In this overview, recent progress and important limitations in the development of transgenic chickens are presented.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13353-018-0429-6 | DOI Listing |
Mol Biotechnol
September 2025
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Livestock Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, College of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
Avian species possess a distinct reproductive system that differs fundamentally from mammals, resulting in relatively slower progress in transgenic poultry research compared to mammalian models. Primordial germ cells (PGCs), as the precursors to functional gametes, provide a promising avenue for the utilization of genetic resources and the application of transgenesis in chickens. However, the transfection of chicken PGCs remains challenging due to the low efficiency of conventional methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBio Protoc
August 2025
Kenya Agricultural Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya.
Transposon-based genetic transformation enables stable transgene integration in avian genomes and is increasingly used in the development of transgenic chickens for enhanced disease resistance, productivity, and biopharmaceutical applications. Conventional transformation techniques in avian biotechnology, including viral vectors and primordial germ cell (PGC) manipulation, are limited by biosafety risks, low efficiency, and technical complexity. This protocol outlines a two-step cloning approach for generating transposon-compatible gene constructs suitable for chicken embryo microinjection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein Expr Purif
August 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan. Electronic address:
A number of methods are used to produce recombinant proteins, and animal bioreactors have emerged as transgenic systems. Animal bioreactors have the potential to reduce production costs and improve efficiency, thereby providing recombinant proteins that are important for therapeutic applications. Various species, such as goats, cattle, and rabbits, have been genetically modified to serve as bioreactors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnim Biosci
August 2025
Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea.
Objective: : Germ cell identity is orchestrated by the coordinated action of multiple key transcription factors during embryonic development, involving the induction and regulation of germline-specific gene expression. In chickens, the expression of DEAD-box helicase 4 (DDX4) and Deleted in Azoospermia-like (DAZL) genes plays a pivotal role in germplasm formation and the specification of germ cell lineage from a totipotent genome. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying germ cell fate determination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Growth Differ
August 2025
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
Living organisms exhibit varying regenerative abilities depending on the species. Among them, urodele amphibians have been widely used in regeneration biology due to their remarkable regenerative capacity. Iberian ribbed newts, in particular, have been established as a prominent model for regeneration research, offering advantages such as a large number of eggs spawned, a short period of sexual maturation, and the development of genetic manipulation techniques.
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