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Avian influenza viruses (AIV) affect many species of birds including waterfowl and may persist in sediment in aquatic habitats. Sediment samples were collected from two areas representative of prime migration and overwintering waterfowl habitat in Dorchester County, Maryland in the fall and winter of 2013-2014. Samples were screened for the presence of AIV via reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR targeting the matrix gene. Although 13.6% of sediment samples were positive for the AIV matrix gene across all collection dates and locations, differences in detection were noted with location and collection season. Percentage of AIV-positive sediment samples recovered corresponded to trends in waterfowl abundance at collection sites both temporally and spatially. These findings provide further support for the assertion that the presence of AIV in the aquatic environment is likely affected by the total number, site-specific density, and array of waterfowl species.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/11687-060917-ResNote.1 | DOI Listing |
Nature
September 2025
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
The Perseverance rover has explored and sampled igneous and sedimentary rocks within Jezero Crater to characterize early Martian geological processes and habitability and search for potential biosignatures. Upon entering Neretva Vallis, on Jezero Crater's western edge, Perseverance investigated distinctive mudstone and conglomerate outcrops of the Bright Angel formation. Here we report a detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of these rocks and show that organic-carbon-bearing mudstones in the Bright Angel formation contain submillimetre-scale nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and sulfide minerals, likely vivianite and greigite, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Environ Res
September 2025
Functional Biology Department (Ecology Area), Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Balancing socio-economic development with environmental quality in estuaries requires reliable tools for ecological assessment and informed management. Although various biological and (geo)chemical indices have been formulated to evaluate ecological quality status (EcoQS), transitional systems such as estuaries remain challenging to assess due to steep natural gradients and intense anthropogenic pressures, which can compromise the effectiveness of conventional indices. This study applied a practical, multi-criteria sediment assessment to evaluate benthic EcoQS in the Sado estuary, SW Portugal - a socio-ecological system strongly influenced by human activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chromatogr A
September 2025
College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China. Electronic address:
Oil spills pose critical risks to coastal ecosystems, leading to bioaccumulation in cultured species and long-term economic repercussions for coastal communities. Biomarkers including hopanes and steranes have been widely used in oil fingerprinting. An aquatic microcosm was established in this study to simulate real-life marine conditions, enabling systematic monitoring of oil distributions in various aquatic mediums during nearly a month period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
During the Late Bronze Age (ca. 11th-8th century BCE), far-reaching and extensive trade and exchange networks linked communities across Europe. The area around Seddin in north-western Brandenburg, Germany, has long been considered as at the core of one such networks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNatl Sci Rev
September 2025
Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
Rhenium and osmium are both siderophilic and chalcophilic, exhibiting a strong affinity for organic-rich materials. This makes the Re-Os chronometer a valuable complement to geochronometers based on lithophile elements. In this review, we begin by discussing how the elemental abundances and isotopic compositions impact sample selection, analytical strategy, and data interpretation.
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