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Despite the well-established benefits of statin therapy in reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, many patients fail to achieve recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets or experience statin intolerance, necessitating alternative approaches. This review examines advances in non-statin lipid-lowering therapies, focusing on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors (monoclonal antibodies and inclisiran), bempedoic acid, and other non-statin lipid medications. We evaluate their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles on the basis of landmark trials.
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HIIT and MICT mitigate endothelial dysfunction in early atherosclerotic mice via PCSK9 inhibition.
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General Director, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Marconi Street 66, 80059 Torre del Greco, Naples, Italy.
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