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Article Abstract

Changes in intra- and extracellular potassium ion (K) concentrations control many important cellular processes and related biological functions. However, our current understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of physiological and pathological K changes is severely limited by the lack of practicable detection methods. We developed K-sensitive genetically encoded, Förster resonance energy transfer-(FRET) based probes, called GEPIIs, which enable quantitative real-time imaging of K dynamics. GEPIIs as purified biosensors are suitable to directly and precisely quantify K levels in different body fluids and cell growth media. GEPIIs expressed in cells enable time-lapse and real-time recordings of global and local intracellular K signals. Hitherto unknown Ca-triggered, organelle-specific K changes were detected in pancreatic beta cells. Recombinant GEPIIs also enabled visualization of extracellular K fluctuations in vivo with 2-photon microscopy. Therefore, GEPIIs are relevant for diverse K assays and open new avenues for live-cell K imaging.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5681659PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01615-zDOI Listing

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