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The study of palaeo-chronologies using fossil data provides evidence for past ecological and evolutionary processes, and is therefore useful for predicting patterns and impacts of future environmental change. However, the robustness of inferences made from fossil ages relies heavily on both the quantity and quality of available data. We compiled Quaternary non-human vertebrate fossil ages from Sahul published up to 2013. This, the FosSahul database, includes 9,302 fossil records from 363 deposits, for a total of 478 species within 215 genera, of which 27 are from extinct and extant megafaunal species (2,559 records). We also provide a rating of reliability of individual absolute age based on the dating protocols and association between the dated materials and the fossil remains. Our proposed rating system identified 2,422 records with high-quality ages (i.e., a reduction of 74%). There are many applications of the database, including disentangling the confounding influences of hypothetical extinction drivers, better spatial distribution estimates of species relative to palaeo-climates, and potentially identifying new areas for fossil discovery.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.53 | DOI Listing |
Front Bioinform
August 2025
Laboratory of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
Palaeognathae is an ancient bird lineage that includes the volant tinamous and six flightless lineages: ostrich, rhea, cassowary, emu, kiwi (extant) and moa, elephant bird (extinct). Over the past decade, a consensus has emerged on the relationships within the group. In this consensus, the ostrich branch splits first, followed by rheas, a clade containing tinamou and moa and a clade with the emu and cassowary sister to the kiwi and elephant bird.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
August 2025
Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, Raszyn, 05-090, Poland.
Unio pictorum (L. 1758) and Unio tumidus (Philipsson, 1788) are common bivalve molluscs from the Unionidae family, with significant ecological importance in aquatic ecosystems. Their shells are essential for species identification and can also be used to assess changes in population structure, individual growth, and body form under varying environmental conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNatl Sci Rev
September 2025
Geochronology and Tracers Facility, British Geological Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, UK.
The Neoproterozoic Era is a critical time interval when the Earth experienced fundamental changes, manifested as Snowball Earth climatic extremes, large fluctuations in oceanic and atmospheric compositions, and emergence and rapid diversification of animals. High-precision geochronology of Neoproterozoic stratigraphy is essential for constraining timings, durations, and rates of these major events, and for assessing the synchroneity and nature of interactions between them. Here we review recent advances in the CA-ID-TIMS zircon U-Pb dating method and discuss the factors that influence the choice of method used to date Neoproterozoic stratigraphy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Lett
August 2025
Division of Paleontology (Invertebrates), American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
The fossilized birth-death (FBD) model has become an increasingly popular method for inferring dated phylogenies. It is especially useful for incorporating fossil data into such analyses, integrating fossils along with their age information directly into the tree as tips or sampled ancestors. Two approaches are common for placing fossil taxa in trees: inference based on morphological character data or using taxonomic constraints to control their topological placement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSyst Biol
August 2025
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Phylogenetic clock models translate inferred amounts of evolutionary change (calculated from either genotypes or phenotypes) into estimates of elapsed time, providing a mechanism for time scaling phylogenetic trees. Relaxed-clock models, which accommodate variation in evolutionary rates across branches, are one of the main components of Bayesian dating, yet their consequences for total-evidence phylogenetics have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we combine morphological, molecular (both transcriptomic and Sanger-sequenced), and stratigraphic datasets for all major lineages of echinoids (sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars).
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