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The first transgenes were introduced in a plant genome more than 30 years ago. Since then, the capabilities of the plant scientific community to engineer the genome of plants have progressed at an unparalleled speed. Plant genetic engineering has become a central technology that has dramatically incremented our basic knowledge of plant biology and has enabled the translation of this knowledge into a number of increasingly complex and sophisticated biotechnological applications, which in most cases rely on the simultaneous co-expression of multiple recombinant proteins from different origins. To meet the new challenges of modern plant biotechnology, the plant scientific community has developed a vast arsenal of innovative molecular tools and genome engineering strategies. In this chapter we review a variety of tools, technologies, and strategies developed to transfer and simultaneously co-express multiple transgenes and proteins in a plant host. Their potential advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects are also discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_17 | DOI Listing |
Proteomics
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are vital pollinators in fruit-producing agroecosystems like highbush blueberry (HBB) and cranberry (CRA). However, their health is threatened by multiple interacting stressors, including pesticides, pathogens, and nutritional changes. We tested the hypothesis that distinct agricultural ecosystems-with different combinations of agrochemical exposure, pathogen loads, and floral resources-elicit ecosystem-specific, tissue-level molecular responses in honey bees.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Signal
September 2025
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. Electronic address:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic molecule, supports blood vessel growth during wound healing but also drives pathological neovascularization in blinding eye diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Dimethyl fumarate (DMFu), an FDA-approved drug for multiple sclerosis, has previously shown promising anti-inflammatory properties in retinal pigment epithelium, a crucial structure disrupted by nAMD. Here, we extend the multi-phenotypic therapeutic potential of DMFu by discerning the anti-angiogenic capabilities of DMFu in choroidal and retinal endothelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
August 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetic patients, severely affecting their vision and quality of life. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying DR remain unclear. In recent years, mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10 (Mrps10) gene has gained attention due to its high expression, which may be associated with various metabolic disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
September 2025
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mepolizumab (anti-IL5 therapy) reduces asthma exacerbations in urban children with exacerbation-prone eosinophilic asthma. We previously utilized nasal transcriptomics to identify inflammatory pathways (gene co-expression modules) associated with asthma exacerbations despite this therapy. In this study, we applied differential gene correlation analysis on these targeted gene co-expression modules to gain better insight into the treatment effects on correlation structure within gene networks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Fungal Biol
August 2025
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY, United States.
The organization of functionally related gene families oftentimes exhibits a non-random genomic distribution as gene clusters that are prevalent throughout divergent eukaryotic organisms. The molecular and cellular functions of the gene families where clustering has been identified vary, and include those involved in basic metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and large gene families (e.g.
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