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Direct comparison of human diseases with model phenotypes allows exploration of key areas of human biology which are often inaccessible for practical or ethical reasons. We review recent developments in comparative evolutionary approaches for finding models for genetic disease, including high-throughput generation of gene/phenotype relationship data, the linking of orthologous genes and phenotypes across species, and statistical methods for linking human diseases to model phenotypes.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4947381 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2015.08.004 | DOI Listing |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
September 2025
Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China; Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China. Electronic address:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening vascular condition that currently lacks effective pharmacological treatment. The disease is strongly associated with chronic inflammation, where immune cells like macrophages play a crucial role. Efferocytosis, the process by which apoptotic cells are cleared, is involved in regulating inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Virol
September 2025
Infection Biology, Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address:
Intracranial calcifications (ICCs) are a characteristic neuropathological feature of several congenital viral infections, including Zika virus (ZIKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). These lesions are linked to severe neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as microcephaly, epilepsy, and cognitive deficits, yet the mechanisms underlying their formation and resolution remain unclear. ICCs are thought to arise from an imbalance in osteogenic and osteolytic signaling in the developing brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Virol
September 2025
Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Electronic address:
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) was the first human pathogenic retrovirus to be discovered. HTLV-1 induces a T-cell malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), and inflammatory diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), HTLV-1 uveitis (HU), and HTLV-1-associated pulmonary disease (HAPD). Importantly, HTLV-1 maintains persistent infection by regulating viral gene expression and disrupting host signaling pathways - activities that are closely linked to its pathogenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Metab Res Rev
September 2025
Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) substantially increases cardiovascular risk, with endothelial dysfunction as its central pathological mechanism. This review summarises the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in CKD and highlights recent advances in treatment strategies. The pathophysiology of endothelial injuries involves a complex network of multiple factors and mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, glycocalyx damage, ischaemia, hypoxia, cellular senescence and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Physiol
September 2025
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Cognitive decline and physical impairment are often linked with ageing, contributing to declines in health span and loss of independence in older adults. Pathological cognitive decline with age is largely considered to be a brain-centric challenge. However, recent findings have begun to challenge this paradigm as the health of peripheral systems, namely skeletal muscle, predict cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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