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Members of the MADS-box transcription factor family play essential roles in almost every developmental process in plants. Many MADS-box genes have conserved functions across the flowering plants, but some have acquired novel functions in specific species during evolution. The analyses of MADS-domain protein interactions and target genes have provided new insights into their molecular functions. Here, we review recent findings on MADS-box gene functions in Arabidopsis and discuss the evolutionary history and functional diversification of this gene family in plants. We also discuss possible mechanisms of action of MADS-domain proteins based on their interactions with chromatin-associated factors and other transcriptional regulators.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.074674 | DOI Listing |
Cancer Discov
September 2025
Evolutionary Dynamics Group, Centre for Cancer Evolution, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Unlabelled: Oncogenes amplified on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) contribute to treatment resistance and poor survival across cancers. Currently, the spatiotemporal evolution of ecDNA remains poorly understood. In this study, we integrate computational modeling with samples from 94 treatment-naive human glioblastomas (GBM) to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of ecDNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Proteome Res
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
Shell matrix proteins (SMPs) are fundamental biological macromolecules for mollusk shell formation, yet fewer than 400 SMPs in mollusks have been previously identified, hindering our understanding of how mollusks construct and maintain their shells. Here, we identified 1689 SMPs in the Pacific oyster using three different mass spectrometry techniques, representing a significant methodological advancement in shell proteomics, enabling a 6.52-fold increase in SMP identification compared to previous studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGene Expr Patterns
September 2025
Experimental Research Center, QingPu Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
The SH2B family, which includes SH2B1, SH2B2, and SH2B3, consists of adaptor proteins that possess conserved Src homology 2 (SH2) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, playing essential roles as signaling mediators. However, the gene expression patterns of this family during embryonic development are still mostly unclear. In this study, we first investigated the evolutionary conservation of SH2B across multiple species using phylogenetic analysis, which revealed high sequence homology between zebrafish Sh2b and its orthologs in other vertebrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
August 2025
Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.
Introduction: Satellite DNA (satDNA) is a rapidly evolving component of plant genomes, typically found in (peri)centromeric, (sub)telomeric, and other heterochromatic regions. Due to their variability and species- or population-specific distribution, satDNA serves as valuable cytogenetic markers for studying chromosomal rearrangements and karyotype evolution among closely related species. Previous studies have identified species-specific subtelomeric repeats CS-1 in , HSR1 in , and HJSR in .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow genomic changes translate into organismal novelties is often confounded by the multi-layered nature of genome architecture and the long evolutionary timescales over which molecular changes accumulate. Coleoid cephalopods (squid, cuttlefish, and octopus) provide a unique system to study these processes due to a large-scale chromosomal rearrangement in the coleoid ancestor that resulted in highly modified karyotypes, followed by lineage-specific fusions, translocations, and repeat expansions. How these events have shaped gene regulatory patterns underlying the evolution of coleoid innovations, including their large and elaborately structured nervous systems, novel organs, and complex behaviours, remains poorly understood.
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