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Many modern nanostructured materials and doped polymers are morphologically too complex to be interpreted by classical percolation theory. Here, we develop the concept of a hierarchical percolating (percolation-within-percolation) system to describe such complex materials and illustrate how to generalize the conventional percolation to double-level percolation. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the double-level percolation threshold is close to, but definitely larger than, the product of the local percolation thresholds for the two enclosed single-level systems. The deviation may offer alternative insights into physics concerning infinite clusters and open up new research directions for percolation theory.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.021109 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
June 2025
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud y Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda. de las Universidades s/n, Dos Hermanas, 41704 Sevilla, Spain.
The development of mineral, biodegradable sunscreens that can offer both high photoprotection and long-term colloidal stability, while limiting synthetic additives, presents a significant challenge. A linseed oil nanoemulsion co-stabilised by ZnO nanoparticles and the eco-friendly surfactant Appyclean 6552 was formulated, and the effect of incorporating fumed silica/alumina (Aerosil COK 84) was evaluated. A central composite response surface design was used to ascertain the oil/ZnO ratio that maximised the in vitro sun protection factor at sub-300 nm droplet size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
May 2025
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Física, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
We use renormalization-group and Monte Carlo calculations to investigate isotropically directed percolation on hierarchical lattices. We describe a general renormalization-group approach to exactly determine the critical exponents for these lattices. This approach is equivalent to, albeit simpler than, the method of cluster generating functions and can be applied to various hierarchical lattices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
February 2025
Network Science and Technology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
Quantum networks (QNs) exhibit stronger connectivity than predicted by classical percolation, yet the origin of this phenomenon remains unexplored. We apply a statistical physics model-concurrence percolation-to uncover the origin of stronger connectivity on hierarchical scale-free networks, the (, ) flowers. These networks allow full analytical control over path connectivity through two adjustable path-length parameters, ≤.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
December 2024
Queen Mary University of London, School of Mathematical Sciences, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
In this work, we propose a comprehensive theoretical framework combining percolation theory with nonlinear dynamics to study hypergraphs with a time-varying giant component. We consider in particular hypergraphs with higher-order triadic interactions. Higher-order triadic interactions occur when one or more nodes up-regulate or down-regulate a hyperedge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
February 2025
Center of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Self-replication of bioorganic molecules and oil microdroplets have been explored as models in prebiotic chemistry. An analogous process for inorganic nanomaterials would involve the autocatalytic nucleation of metal, semiconductor, or ceramic nanoparticles-an area that remains largely uncharted. Demonstrating such systems would be both fundamentally intriguing and practically relevant, especially if the resulting particles self-assemble into complex structures beyond the capabilities of molecules or droplets.
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