98%
921
2 minutes
20
Matrix isolation FTIR experiments have shown that methanol is a major product when argon gas doped with water and methane is exposed to an electrical discharge and condensed to a solid matrix at 11 K. Experiments with (2)H, (17)O and (18)O-labeled isotopologues show the mechanism for the methanol production is likely to be insertion of an excited oxygen atom in the (1)D state into a C-H bond of a methane molecule. In light of these experiments, the possibility of oxygen atom insertion into methane should be considered as a possible mechanism for the production of methanol in interstellar ices.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp22135g | DOI Listing |
Front Hum Neurosci
August 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Background: Slapping automatism is a type of automatism observed during epileptic seizures, but its underlying electrophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the associated cortical areas with epileptiform discharges during the slapping automatism.
Case Report: We report five cases of drug-resistant epilepsy in which SEEG recordings captured slapping automatism.
J Neural Eng
September 2025
Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES.
Clinical trials of the photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis PRIMA demonstrated feasibility of prosthetic central vision with resolution matching its 100 μm pixel width. To improve prosthetic acuity further, pixel size should be decreased. However, there are multiple challenges, one of which is related to accommodating a compact shunt resistor within each pixel that discharges the electrodes between stimulation pulses and helps increase the contrast of the electric field pattern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurophysiol
September 2025
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 3868567, Japan.
This study investigated the correlation between the strength of correlated effective neural drive (END) to the antagonistic muscles and the fluctuations in neural/electrical and mechanical output around the joint during steady co-contraction, and whether the correlated END strength estimated from conventional surface EMG is correlated with that determined from motor unit (MU) discharges. Fourteen young male participants performed isometric steady co-contractions with their medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles at 10% of maximal EMG while sitting. Correlated END strength was quantified as the maximum value of the cross-correlation function between the conventional surface EMG signals and between MU discharges decomposed from high-density surface EMG of each muscle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurophysiol
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Although glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses are important in seizure generation, the contribution of non-synaptic ionic and electrical mechanisms to synchronization of seizure-prone hippocampal neurons remains unclear. Here, we developed a physiologically relevant model to study these mechanisms by inducing prolonged seizure-like discharges (SLDs) in hippocampal slices from male rats through modest, sustained ionic manipulations. Specifically, we reduced extracellular calcium to 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
September 2025
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.
A nanosecond pulse transient plasma is employed to initiate and control the exothermic decomposition of ionic liquids, namely, a mixture of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate [EMIM]/[EtSO], as well as some noncombustible ionic liquids. Here, the plasma is discharged in a cylindrical geometry with a coaxial center wire electrode. High voltage (20 kV) nanosecond pulses (20 ns) at various frequencies up to 10 kHz produce a plasma discharge in the ionic liquid that initiates its nonthermal decomposition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF