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The precipitation polymerization of styrene-trihydroxymethyl propane triacrylate has been carried out using ethanol and an ethanol/water mixture as the solvent. Uniform microspheres with high monomer conversion are achieved within 4 h, a much shorter polymerization time than that reported for the precipitation polymerization of divinyl benzene-styrene in acetonitrile. The results clearly demonstrate that use of water as a co-solvent is indeed very effective to promote the polymerization to high conversion and to obtain uniform microspheres. With no water under the otherwise same experimental conditions, only about 57% of monomer conversion is obtained; while the monomer conversion is remarkably increased to 96% when 12 vol.-% of water is used.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200800772 | DOI Listing |
RSC Adv
September 2025
Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai Tamil Nadu 602105 India.
A free radical polymerization approach was applied to synthesize different carboxymethyl cellulose-grafted poly(acrylamide) hydrogels (Hyd) composited with biochar, magnetic biochar, and magnetic biochar decorated with ZIF-67 to decontaminate methylene blue (MB) from water media. Biochar was obtained from walnut shells (WS) by a pyrolysis method, and magnetic biochar (WS/CoFeO) and biochar-decorated ZIF-67 (WS/CoFeO/ZIF-67) were prepared by chemical co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, respectively. An increase in the amount of these particles by up to 10 wt% enhanced the removal performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeobiology
September 2025
Dipartimento di Scienze, Università di Roma Tre, Roma, Italy.
Large-scale geological processes shape microbial habitats and drive the evolution of life on Earth. During the Oligocene, convergence between Africa and Europe led to the opening of the Western Mediterranean Basin, a deep-ocean system characterized by fluid venting, oxygen depletion, and the absence of benthic fauna. In this extreme, inhospitable seafloor environment, fusiform objects known as Tubotomaculum formed, whose origin has long remained controversial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
September 2025
Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110036, India.
The degradation of colorless tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), a widely used antibiotic, is a significant environmental concern due to its persistence in aquatic systems. The zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticle fabricated melamine-formaldehyde polymer (MFP)-based nanocomposite (ZnS-MFP) was prepared via a hydrothermal polymerization method, followed by surface modification through a simple precipitation route. The degradation of TCH through photocatalysis adheres to pseudo-first-order kinetics with a significantly faster rate under natural sunlight than under artificial bulb light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Environ Contam Toxicol
September 2025
PolyAnalytik, Inc., London, ON, Canada.
Dust palliatives are used to reduce fugitive dust in areas susceptible to erosion by wind and rain. In 2015, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) temporarily approved the use of polymer-based dust palliatives during the construction and operation of a solar energy facility and, in 2019, on a mining access road in Clark County, Nevada. The areas treated with palliative are habitat to the desert tortoise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Cosmet Sci
September 2025
Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Las Américas Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
Objective: To assess the impact of anionic surfactants on the formation of coacervates with cationic guar gum and their subsequent effects on hair care.
Methods: Coacervates were prepared using ionic precipitation techniques involving four anionic surfactants: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (SNL), sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA), sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI) and cationic guar gum. Viscosity, spreadability and stickiness sensory analysis were conducted with a panel of volunteers.