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We demonstrate the measurement of two-photon excitation (TPE) spectra, used not only for fluorescence but also for photoconversion in green-to-red photoconvertible Kaede, using nonlinear Fourier-transform spectroscopy. It was found that in unphotoconverted Kaede, the TPE spectrum for photoconversion is much different to that for green-fluorescence. This is similar to the difference between the one-photon excitation of photoconversion in the neutral form and that of green-fluorescence in the ionized form.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.1.000687 | DOI Listing |
Cancer Res
September 2025
Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) are a valuable model to recapitulate human disease in culture with important implications for drug development. However, current methods for rapidly and reproducibly assessing PDCOs are limited. Label-free imaging methods are a promising tool to measure organoid level heterogeneity and rapidly screen drug response in PDCOs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo-photon polymerization (TPP) enables the fabrication of intricate 3D microstructures with submicron precision, offering significant potential in biomedical applications like tissue engineering. In such applications, to print materials and structures with defined mechanics, it is crucial to understand how TPP printing parameters impact the material properties in a physiologically relevant liquid environment. Herein, an experimental approach utilizing microscale tensile testing (μTT) for the systematic measurement of TPP-fabricated microfibers submerged in liquid as a function of printing parameters is introduced.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
September 2025
Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Theranostics Technology and Instruments, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:
Background: Ultrasound-assisted transdermal drug delivery, or sonophoresis, enhances skin permeability, offering a non-invasive alternative for drug administration. However, its clinical application remains limited because of an insufficient understanding of its underlying mechanisms and optimal parameters. This study investigates the factors influencing ultrasound-enhanced drug absorption and examines its biological effects on skin structures and HaCaT cells, providing a comprehensive analysis of its mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Trapped-ion applications, such as in quantum information processing, precision measurements, optical clocks and mass spectrometry, rely on specialized high-performance ion traps. The last three of these applications typically use traditional machining to customize macroscopic 3D Paul traps, whereas quantum information processing experiments usually rely on photolithographic techniques to miniaturize the traps and meet scalability requirements. Using photolithography, however, it is challenging to fabricate the complex 3D electrode structures required for optimal confinement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Headache Pain
August 2025
Division of Neuroscience & Centre for Nanotechnology in Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9LT, UK.
Background: Understanding the mechanisms of pathological brain network activity and the efficacy of therapies requires testing hypothesis in vivo, where brain circuitry remains preserved. Therefore, animal models are a key tool in the study of primary neurological disorders such as migraine, stroke and epilepsy. These models not only have advanced our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of these disorders but have also provided novel pharmacological targets and insights on shared pathophysiological processes such as spreading depolarizations (SD).
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