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Objective: A new Fluorescence Focus Units (FFU) developed for Rabies Virus titration replace current reference method (LD50) so as to reduce the cost.
Methods: The BSR cell was infected by triple serial dilution of the Rabies Virus CTN strain, then detect the fluorescent focus by FITC labeling anti-Rabies Virus monoclonal antibodies. All the samples were assayed in both FFU and LD50.
Results: Data generated indicateed that a significant correlation between the two methods (r=99).
Conclusion: This method is simple and rapid. It will be considered as a useful alternative method to the LD50.
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Microb Pathog
September 2025
Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Electronic address: selwyn.h
West Nile fever is a zoonotic arboviral disease caused by the West Nile Virus (WNV), responsible for deaths in humans, mammals, and birds with associated neurological manifestations. All previous investigations of WNV Brazil were based primarily on serological and molecular analyses and in humans, equids, and birds in the northern and southeastern regions of the country. This study describes the pathological and molecular findings observed in a mule, from the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, that died during an outbreak involving equids with clinical manifestations of a neurological disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Infect Dis
September 2025
Section of Epidemiology, Alaska Division of Public Health, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
Background: Borealpox virus (previously known as Alaskapox virus) is an Orthopoxvirus species first identified in a patient living near Fairbanks, Alaska, in 2015; the source of the patient's infection was unknown. Six additional borealpox cases have been identified through 2023.
Methods: We conducted interviews to ascertain travel history and potential exposures for the six patients, trapped small mammals for orthopoxvirus testing, and performed a phylogenetic analysis of viral DNA sequences.
Brain
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Rege
Abnormal accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting TDP-43 offer potential therapeutic strategies for these diseases. However, efficient and safe delivery of siRNAs to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a critical challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Wildl Dis
September 2025
Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Dept of Fish and Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701, USA.
This report describes highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1 infections in carnivores in Alaska, US between 2022 and 2024, including a black bear (Ursus americanus), a brown bear (Ursus arctos), and the first known report of HPAI in an ermine (Mustela ermina). The two bears were cubs, and the ermine was a young adult. The black bear and ermine were euthanized after demonstrating neurologic signs, including circling, blindness, ataxia, or seizures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2025
Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Brain Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
The precise structural and functional characteristics of input circuits targeting histaminergic neurons remain poorly understood. Here, using a rabies virus retrograde tracing system combined with fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography, we construct a 3D monosynaptic long-range input atlas of male mouse histaminergic neurons. We identify that the hypothalamus, thalamus, pallidum, and hippocampus constitute major input sources, exhibiting diverse spatial distribution patterns and neuronal type ratios.
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