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A cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) control system, which contains only one single-input controller implemented by a differentiable CMAC, is proposed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the CMAC controller is solely used to control the plant, and no conventional controller is needed. Without a preliminary offline learning, the single-input CMAC controller can provide the control effort to the plant at each online learning step. To train the differentiable CMAC online, the gradient descent algorithm is employed to derive the learning rules. The sensitivity of the plant, with respect to the input, is approximated by a simple formula so that the learning rules can be applied to unknown plants. Moreover, based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function, conditions on the learning rates guaranteeing the convergence of the output error are derived in this paper. Finally, simulations on controlling three different plants are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2009.2030334 | DOI Listing |
BMC Endocr Disord
August 2025
Department of Chemical Pathology, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly when complicated by hypertension. This study explored markers of glycaemic control, systemic inflammation, and lipid-related atherogenicity, and their relationship with CVD risk among a population of Nigerian patients with T2DM and co-morbid hypertension.
Method: This hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted over a period of 13 months among patients with T2DM, including those with co-morbid hypertension.
Current biological behavior models only take the external environment information as the basis for decision-making, ignoring the internal emotional state information. A memristor-based cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) neural network circuit of artificial fish behavioral decision is designed, and fuzzy emotion is taken into account. The designed circuit is mainly composed of voltage selection modules, fuzzy processing modules, synaptic neuron modules, eigen quantity modules and feedback modules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
October 2025
CMAC, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. Electronic address:
Disintegration and dissolution play a key role in drug release from oral immediate-release products. An improved understanding of these processes, the impact of process parameters and the critical material attributes are required to develop robust formulations and manufacturing processes. This study demonstrates an in-situ disintegration and dissolution monitoring system capable of capturing quantitative swelling and erosion data in a paddle dissolution apparatus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutophagy
August 2025
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
The rice blast fungus, , imposes a great threat to global food security. Autophagic cell death of conidium is essential for appressorium-mediated host invasion during pathogenesis. Our recent study revealed that ferroptosis, potentially regulated by macroautophagy/autophagy, is responsible for conidial death during appressorium formation and maturation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Clin Med Phys
July 2025
Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Objective: To explore the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC) parameters in differentiating mega cisterna magna (MCM) from cisterna magna arachnoid cysts (CMAC).
Methods: Retrospective analysis of MRI data from 40 MCM patients, 46 CMAC patients (confirmed via clinical follow-up and imaging criteria), and 36 temporal arachnoid cysts (TAC) as controls was performed. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare ADC and eADC values among the three groups.