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Microarray analysis has provided a new understanding of pineal function by identifying genes that are highly expressed in this tissue relative to other tissues and also by identifying over 600 genes that are expressed on a 24-h schedule. This effort has highlighted surprising similarity to the retina and has provided reason to explore new avenues of study including intracellular signaling, signal transduction, transcriptional cascades, thyroid/retinoic acid hormone signaling, metal biology, RNA splicing, and the role the pineal gland plays in the immune/inflammation response. The new foundation that microarray analysis has provided will broadly support future research on pineal function.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.010 | DOI Listing |
J Pineal Res
September 2025
School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
Melatonin, a multifunctional signalling molecule in plants, has been increasingly recognized for its role in improving stress tolerance, regulating hormone signalling, and enhancing crop productivity. Exogenous melatonin application represents a promising strategy to enhance crop productivity under global agricultural challenges. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which melatonin improves yield in Brassica napus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pineal Res
September 2025
WuHu Hospital, East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital, Wuhu), Wuhu, China.
Acute circadian misalignment, such as that induced by a single episode of jet lag, can leave molecular traces even after behavioral rhythms appear to recover. Here, we applied an integrated multi-omics approach-combining liver transcriptomics and plasma metabolomics-to characterize residual signatures on the 7th day after a single 6-h phase advance in male mice. Our data revealed significant alterations, particularly in the core clock genes Bmal1 and Cry1, and the metabolites l-arginine and SM(d18:1/18:1(11Z)), with notable differences at Zeitgeber Time 0 (ZT0).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pineal Res
September 2025
Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund, Sweden.
Disruptions in circadian rhythm, partly controlled by the hormone melatonin, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Accordingly, a variant of the gene encoding the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) is robustly associated with increased risk of T2D. This single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs10830963; G-allele) is an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) in human pancreatic islets, conferring increased expression of MTNR1B, which is thought to perturb pancreatic β-cell function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMater Today Bio
October 2025
Department of Urology, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, often due to ischemia-reperfusion or nephrotoxic drugs. A key factor in AKI development is mitochondrial dysfunction, which disrupts energy and oxygen supply, increases ROS generation, and triggers inflammation. Addressing AKI through mitochondrial targeting remains challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Morphol
September 2025
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
The pineal gland is a photoneuroendocrine organ that regulates circadian rhythms, primarily through rhythmic melatonin secretion. In nonmammalian vertebrates such as birds, pinealocytes retain photosensory and endocrine functions. α-Internexin, a neuronal intermediate filament protein, has been implicated in neurodevelopment and cytoskeletal stability.
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