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During MESSENGER's first flyby of Mercury, the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer made simultaneous mid-ultraviolet to near-infrared (wavelengths of 200 to 1300 nanometers) reflectance observations of the surface. An ultraviolet absorption (<280 nanometers) suggests that the ferrous oxide (Fe2+) content of silicates in average surface material is low (less than 2 to 3 weight percent). This result is supported by the lack of a detectable 1-micrometer Fe2+ absorption band in high-spatial-resolution spectra of mature surface materials as well as immature crater ejecta, which suggests that the ferrous iron content may be low both on the surface and at depth. Differences in absorption features and slope among the spectra are evidence for variations in composition and regolith maturation of Mercury's surface.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1159933 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Bot
September 2025
Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium.
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved diverse strategies to adapt to fluctuating light conditions, balancing efficient light capture with photoprotection. In green algae and land plants, this involves specialized light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), non-photochemical quenching, and state transitions driven by dynamic remodeling of antenna proteins associated with Photosystems (PS) I and II. Euglena gracilis, a flagellate with a secondary green plastid, represents a distantly related lineage whose light-harvesting regulation remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
September 2025
Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China. Electronic address:
Plantation forest areas are rapidly expanding worldwide. Forests at different stand ages exhibit distinct patterns in litterfall input, soil microbial diversity, and enzyme activity, all of which potentially affect the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM is an important precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
September 2025
Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
Photophysical studies on the interaction of small molecules with various forms of nucleic acids are attracting attention nowadays in order to delineate the molecular level mechanism of various biological processes occurring in vivo. Herein, we employed vivid steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to elucidate the detailed characterization of the binding interaction of a biologically active cationic dye thioflavin T (ThT) with double and triple helical forms of RNA - A.U duplex and U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
September 2025
Department of Semiconductor Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
2D van der Waals ferromagnets hold immense promise for spintronic applications due to their controllability and versatility. Despite their significance, the realization and in-depth characterization of ferromagnetic materials in atomically thin single layers, close to the true 2D limit, has been scarce. Here, a successful synthesis of monolayer (ML) 1T-CrTe is reported on a bilayer graphene (BLG) substrate via molecular beam epitaxy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
September 2025
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States.
Amphiphilic monolayers composed of end groups with distinct polar and nonpolar functional groups offer rapid and reversible interfacial adaptation in response to environmental stimuli such as a change in interfacial medium polarity. We have synthesized and characterized a suite of monolayers with functional groups of competing polarity designed to reconfigure their interfacial chemical composition in response to solvent polarity. In these films, the end group is designed to be able to reorient and expose the functional groups that minimize the interfacial free energy between the film and the environment.
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