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Objectives: The European Transparency Directive requires that reimbursement decisions of member states are taken in a transparent, objective, and verifiable way within strict timelines. We investigated whether evidence of therapeutic value was a factor affecting the Belgian pharmaceutical reimbursement decision without compromising the respect of strict timelines.
Methods: We analyzed 824 reimbursement submissions within the period 2002 to 2004.
Results: Only 67 submissions claimed added therapeutic value versus available alternatives: if the applicant failed to prove added value the odds ratio (OR) for a negative decision increased significantly: OR = 9.1 (2.3-35.6). There were 399 "limited evidence" submissions (new medicinal products or new indications) and 425 "extended evidence" submissions (mainly line extensions). The OR for a negative decision decreased significantly for submissions with extended evidence: OR = 0.18 (0.12-0.27). The median time to decision was 175 days.
Conclusions: Both factors suggest that evidence plays a role in the decision-making process.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00299.x | DOI Listing |
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk
August 2025
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine and University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI. Electronic address:
Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager that has recently transformed front-line treatment for many patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). It was originally studied in relapsed/refractory disease, then moved to targeting measurable residual disease (MRD), and has since been shown to improve outcomes for almost every age group when added to consolidation chemotherapy. The evidence supporting blinatumomab is most robust in adult and standard-risk pediatric age groups, but its benefit in adolescents and young adults and high-risk pediatric patients is not yet understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPestic Biochem Physiol
November 2025
National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an 271018, PR China. Electronic address: wj
Difenoconazole (DFC) is a commonly used triazole fungicide known for its high efficiency and environmental persistence. A thorough understanding of its environmental behavior, particularly sorption in soil, is critical to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risk of DFC. In this study, three soils with distinct physicochemical properties (brown soil, cinnamon soil, and fluvo-aquic soil) were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of DFC on soil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranspl Immunol
September 2025
Molecular and Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Department of Transfusion Medicine (Blood Center), Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
Over 60 % of kidney transplant candidates are non-sensitised while remaining 40 % are sensitised because of previous exposure to human alloantigens during previous transplants, blood transfusions, and pregnancy in women. Pre-transplant compatibility testing is mandatory prior to renal transplantation for detecting the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), which are associated with early hyperacute/acute and later chronic rejections. Initially, complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch (CDCXM) was used as a traditional method for detecting preformed DSAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Biol Med
September 2025
U.O.C. Ematologia e Terapia Cellulare, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing health care, particularly in precision medicine and noninvasive diagnostics. Anemia, which is a widespread condition that affects billions of people worldwide, compromises oxygen transport due to low hemoglobin levels, which leads to severe complications if left undetected. Early and frequent monitoring is essential, yet traditional blood tests can be invasive, costly, and impractical for continuous assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Soc Care Deliv Res
September 2025
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Background: Remote services (in which the patient and staff member are not physically colocated) and digital services (in which a patient encounter is digitally mediated in some way) were introduced extensively when the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020. We undertook a longitudinal qualitative study of the introduction, embedding, evolution and abandonment of remote and digital innovations in United Kingdom general practice. This synoptic paper summarises study design, methods, key findings, outputs and impacts to date.
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