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Conventional medical experiments can hardly simulate cardiac excitation propagation and observe the evolvement of cardiac electrical activities firsthand as is possible with computer simulation. Based on the anatomic structure of the heart, simulation of cardiac electrical activity mainly consists of the emulation of the excitation process among the cardiac cells and calculation of the electrical activities of individual cardiac cells. In this study we establish a geometric ventricular structure model demonstrating the direction of the cardiac muscle fibers and the layers of the ventricular cells, and endow different action potential models to the ventricular cells of different layers, and observe the activation process of the ventricular parts in view of the three-dimensional anatomy. This method gives attention to both enough calculation amounts and efficiency, which achieves satisfactory simulation results of ventricular electrical activity based on the anatomic structure and cell electrophysiology through an improved algorithm on personal computer.
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J Neuroendocrinol
September 2025
Center for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The maintenance of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality and sodium concentration ([Na]) near optimal "set point" values sustains physiological functions and prevents pathological states such as hypo- and hypernatremia. The peptide hormones vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin (a natriuretic hormone in rats) play key roles in this process. These hormones are synthesized by hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) that project to the neurohypophysis and are released into the systemic circulation in response to rises in ECF osmolality or [Na].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Eng Phys
October 2025
Biomedical Device Technology, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:
Deep learning approaches have improved disease diagnosis efficiency. However, AI-based decision systems lack sufficient transparency and interpretability. This study aims to enhance the explainability and training performance of deep learning models using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques for brain tumor detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Eng Phys
October 2025
Departament of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (DEEB/FEEC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; National Laboratory for Study of Cell Calcium (LabNECC), Center for Biomedical Engineering (CEB), UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
High-intensity, external electric fields (HIEF) have been used in research and therapy for abnormal generation/propagation of the cardiac electrical activity (e.g., defibrillation), and for promoting access of membrane-impermeant molecules into the cytosol through electropores.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neural Eng
September 2025
Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70, Eindhoven, 5612 AP, NETHERLANDS.
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) has recently emerged as a non-invasive neuromodulation method aimed at reaching deeper brain regions than conventional techniques. However, many questions about its effects remain, requiring further experimental studies. This review consolidates the experimental literature on tTIS's effects in the human brain, clarifies existing evidence, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes future research directions to evaluate its potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuron
September 2025
Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Existing treatments for chronic pain often prove ineffective and carry adverse side effects, highlighting the need for better analgesics, including non-pharmacological treatments. We demonstrate that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), when repeatedly applied during the early phase of nerve injury in mice, produces sustained analgesic effects by activating the dorsal column nucleus (DCN)-thalamic-cortical pathway, which transmits vibration, discriminative touch, and proprioception. Mechanistically, TENS selectively activates glutamatergic neurons in the DCN (DCN) via exciting Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors (Aβ-LTMRs) in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs).
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