Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type 1 diabetic Saudi children. A comparison with conventional insulin therapy.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in type 1 diabetic Saudi children in comparison with conventional insulin (CI) therapy.

Methods: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion was initiated in 14 Saudi children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) through insulin pump therapy between October 2002 and June 2004. All children were followed at the Diabetes Clinic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The patients were initially on CI therapy, which is usually defined as 2 or fewer insulin injections per day before shifting them to CSII. The patients were trained on carbohydrates counting and started on continuously basal insulin infusion aside from the meal and high blood glucose correction insulin boluses.

Results: The patients included in the study had T1DM for a mean duration of 6 years. The age of the children ranged from 4-18 years. They were followed on insulin pump therapy for a mean duration of 10 months. There was a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c, mean blood glucose level, total insulin requirement, frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) events during CSII therapy.

Conclusion: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion improved the glycemic control in diabetic Saudi children with decreased frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and DKA events. Long follow-up studies are needed to confirm these results.